Iliana V. Kohler
Pekka Martikainen
Kirsten P. Smith
Irma T. Elo

http://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol19/60/

doi:10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.60

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Abstract
Using life table measures, we compare educational differentials in all-cause mortality at ages 40 to 70 in Bulgaria to those in Finland and the United States. Specifically, we assess whether the relationship between education and mortality is modified by marital status. Although high education and being married are associated with lower mortality in all three countries, absolute educational differences tend to be smaller among married than unmarried individuals. Absolute differentials by education are largest for Bulgarian men, but in relative terms educational differences are smaller among Bulgarian men than in Finland and the U.S. Among women, Americans experience the largest education-mortality gradients in both relative and absolute terms. Our results indicate a particular need to tackle health hazards among poorly educated men in countries in transition.

Author's affiliation
Iliana V. Kohler
University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
Pekka Martikainen
University of Helsinki, Finland
Kirsten P. Smith
University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
Irma T. Elo
University of Pennsylvania, United States of America

Keywords
all-cause mortality, Bulgaria, educational differentials, Finland, life table measures, marital status, USA

Word count (Main text)
6718

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	[6-12] Integrated Information System for Demographic Statistics 'ESGRAON-TDS' in Bulgaria
	[3-8] Frailty Modelling for Adult and Old Age Mortality: The Application of a Modified DeMoivre Hazard Function to Sex Differentials in Mortality
	[S1-9] Why are they worried? Concern about AIDS in rural Malawi
	[S2-10] Cause-specific contributions to black-white differences in male mortality from 1960 to 1995
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