TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmertmann, Carl
T1  - Stationary populations with below-replacement fertility
Y1  - 2012/04/18
JF  - Demographic Research
JO  - Demographic Research
SN  - 1435-9871
SP  - 319
EP  - 330
DO  - 10.4054/DemRes.2012.26.14
VL  - S8
IS  - 14
UR  - https://www.demographic-research.org/special/8/14/
L1  - https://www.demographic-research.org/special/8/14/s8-14.pdf
L2  - https://www.demographic-research.org/special/8/14/s8-14.pdf
N2  - Background: A population with sustained below-replacement fertility and constant immigration eventually becomes stationary. Stationary-through-immigration (SI) populations have unusual age structures that depend on the distribution of immigrants' arrival ages. 

Objective: I summarize known formal relationships between the distribution of immigrants' entry ages and the long-run size and structure of SI populations. I clarify a previously published result about SI dependency ratios. 

Results: The long-run size and age structure of an SI population depend on the remaining life expectancies of arriving immigrants, but are also sensitive to the expected numbers of native children born after arrival. Numerical calculations with contemporary Austrian data show (1) contrary to previously published results, immigration flows need not be concentrated in early working ages in order to ensure low overall dependency, and (2) the SI dependency ratio is minimized when all immigrants are in their mid-30s. 

ER  -