@article{Sobotka_8_6,
author = {Sobotka, Tomáš},
title={{Tempo-quantum and period-cohort interplay in fertility changes  in Europe: Evidence from the Czech Republic, Italy, the  Netherlands and Sweden}},
journal = {Demographic Research},
volume = {8},
number = {6},
pages = {151--214},
doi = {10.4054/DemRes.2003.8.6},
year = {2003},
abstract = {Using detailed data on period and cohort fertility in four European  countries, this paper discusses various indicators of period fertility,  including indicators adjusted for changes in fertility timing.  Empirical analysis focuses on the comparison of cohort fertility and  corresponding indicators of period fertility; particular attention is  paid to the periods of intensive postponement of childbearing.  Some period indicators come consistently closer to the completed  cohort fertility than the total fertility rates. This pattern of differential  period-cohort approximation widely varies by birth order. 

Quite high  level of approximation is provided by the tempo-adjusted birth  probabilities of parity 1 and a combined indicator of total fertility.  Two examples illustrate the use of indicators discussed in the  paper: the first provides an estimation of the tempo (timing) and  quantum (level) components in fertility change in the Czech  Republic and the second presents projections of cohort fertility in  the Czech Republic and Italy.},
URL = {https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol8/6/},
eprint = {https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol8/6/8-6.pdf}
}