TY  - JOUR
A1  - Diaconu, Viorela
A1  - Bourbeau, Robert
A1  - Ouellette, Nadine
A1  - Camarda, Carlo Giovanni
T1  - Insight on 'typical' longevity: An analysis of the modal lifespan by leading causes of death in Canada
Y1  - 2016/08/25
JF  - Demographic Research
JO  - Demographic Research
SN  - 1435-9871
SP  - 471
EP  - 504
DO  - 10.4054/DemRes.2016.35.17
VL  - 35
IS  - 17
UR  - https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol35/17/
L1  - https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol35/17/35-17.pdf
L2  - https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol35/17/35-17.pdf
L3  - https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol35/17/files/readme.35-17.txt
L3  - https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol35/17/files/demographic-research.35-17.zip
N2  - Background: The longevity gains recorded in high-income countries since the 1960s are mainly due to a reduction in mortality from chronic degenerative diseases, which particularly affect older individuals. In recent years the adult modal age at death (M) gained increasing recognition as a lifespan indicator for monitoring improvements in old-age survival. However, studies of M by cause of death are lacking. 

Objective: This work investigates trends in M by leading causes of death in Canada over the 1974–2011 period and identifies the causes of death that have been more responsive to improvements in lifestyle behaviors and medical progress. 

Methods: We extend a recent method for estimating the all-cause M using a flexible P-spline approach to the context of cause-of-death analysis. Using data from the Canadian Vital Statistics Database for the 1974‒2011 period, we derive cause-specific modal age-at-death estimates and compare them in terms of levels and time-trends. 

Results: Although modal age-at-death estimates for heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and the three types of cancers studied (breast/prostate, colorectal, and trachea, bronchus, and lung) differ greatly in terms of levels, they have all followed a steady upward trend since the mid-1970s in Canada. Moreover, the increase in cause-specific modal age estimates occurred at a strikingly similar pace for most causes, except for breast cancer (females) and heart diseases (males), whose modal ages rose at a substantially faster pace. 

Contribution: Our study introduces an innovative method for estimating cause-specific modal ages at death and provides the first available estimates of time-trends in M by leading causes of death. 

ER  -