Volume 15 - Article 12 | Pages 347–400
Trajectories and models of individual growth
References
Akaike, H. (1972). Information theory and an extension of the Maximum Likelihood Principle. In: Petrov, B. and Csaki, F. (eds.). Second International Symposium of the Information Theory. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado.
Amaya, I., Ratcliffe, O.J., and Bradleya, D.J. (1999). Expression of CENTRORADIALIS (CEN) and CEN-like Genes in Tobacco Reveals a Conserved Mechanism Controlling Phase Change in Diverse Species. The Plant Cell 11(8): 1405-1417.
Amir, S. and Cohen, D. (1990). Optimal reproductive efforts and the timing of reproduction of annual plants in randomly varying environments. Journal of Theoretical Biology 147(1): 17-42.
Arango, J.A. and Van Vleck, L.D. (2002). Size of beef cows: early ideas, new developments. Genetic and Molecular Research 1(1): 51-63.
Banavar, J.R., Damuth, J., Maritan, A., and Rinaldo, A. (2002). Modelling universality and scaling. Nature 420: 626.
Banavar, J.R., Maritan, A., and Rinaldo, A. (1999). Size and form in efficient transportation networks. Nature 399: 130-132.
Basolo, A.L. (2004). Variation between and within the sexes in body size preferences. Animal Behaviour 68(1): 75-82.
Bely, A.E. and Wray, G.A. (2001). Evolution of regeneration and fission in annelids: insights from engrailed- and orthodenticle-class gene expression. Development 128: 2781-2791.
Berg, T.G.O. and Ljunggren, B. (1982). The rate of growth of a single yeast cell. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24(12): 2739-2741.
Bertalanffy, L.v. (1951). Metabolic Types and Growth Types. The American Naturalist 85(821): 111-117.
Bertalanffy, L.v. (1957). Quantitative laws in metabolism and growth. The Quarterly review of Biology 32(3): 217-231.
Bertalanffy, L.v. (1942). Theoretische Biologie. vol. II: Stoffwechsel, Wachstum. Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger.
Bertalanffy, L.v. (1941). Untersuchungen über die Gesetzmässigkeit des Wachstums. VII. Stoffwechseltypen und Wachstumstypen. Biologisches Zentralblatt 61.
Bertalanffy, L.v. and Pirozynski, W.J. (1952). Ontogenic and evolutionary allometry. Evolution 6(4): 387-392.
Bertalanffy, L.v. and Pirozynski, W.J. (1951). Tissue respiration and body size. Science, New Series 113(2943): 599-600.
Bock, R.D. and Thissen, D. (1976). Fitting Multicomponent Models for Growth in Stature. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Biometrics Conference. Boston: Biometrics Society.
Brody, S. (1945). Bioenergetics and growth. New York: Hafner.
Brody, S. (1964). Bioenergetics and Growth. Hafner Press, Darien, Connecticut.
Brown, J.E., Fitzhugh Jr., H.A., and Cartwright, T.C. (1976). A comparison of nonlinear models for describing weight-age relationships in cattle. Journal of Animal Science 42: 810-818.
Brown, J.H. (1995). Macroecology. University Chicago Press.
Brown, J.H., Marquet, P.A., and Taper, M.L. (1993). Evolution of body size: consequences of an energetic definition of fitness. The American Naturalist 142(4): 573-584.
Brown, J.H. and West, G.B. (eds.) (2000). Scaling in biology. Santa Fe Institute, Oxford University Press.
Calder III, W.A. (1984). Size, function and life history. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Carey, J.R. and Guenfelder, C. (1997). Between Zeus and the Salmon. The Biodemography of Longevity. Washington: National Academy Press (chapter "Postreproductive survival": 127-160).
Case, T.J. (1978). On the evolution and adaptive significance of postnatal growth rates in the terrestrial vertebrates. The Quarterly Review of Biology 53(3): 243-282.
Charnov, E.L. (1991). Evolution of life history variation among female mammals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 1134-1137.
Charnov, E.L. (1993). Life History Invariants: Some Explorations of Symmetry in Evolutionary Ecology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Charnov, E.L., Turner, T.F., and Winemiller, K.O. (2001). Reproductive constraints and the evolution of life histories with indeterminate growth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 98(16): 9460-9464.
Cohen, D. (1971). Maximizing final yield when growth is limited by time of by limiting resources. Journal of Theoretical Biology 33(2): 299-307.
Cohen, D. (1976). The optimal timing of reproduction. The American Naturalist 110(975): 801-807.
Congdon, J.D., Nagle, R.D., Kinney, O.M., and van Loben Sels, R.C. (2001). Hypotheses of aging in a long-lived vertebrate, Blanding's turtle (Emydoidea blandingii). Experimental Gerontology 36(4-6): 813-827.
Congdon, J.D., Nagle, R.D., Kinney, O.M., van Loben Sels, R.C., Quinter, T., and Tinkle, D.W. (2003). Testing hypotheses of aging in long-lived painted turtles (Chrysemys picta). Experimental Gerontology 38(7): 765-772.
Count, E.W. (1943). Growth patterns of the human physique: an approach to kinetic anthropometry. Human Biology 15: 1-32.
Czarnołe´ski, M. and Kozłowski, J. (1998). Do Bertalanffy's growth curves result from optimal resource allocation? Ecology Letters 1(1): 5-7.
Damuth, J. (1981). Population density and body size in mammals. Nature 290: 699-700.
Damuth, J. (2001). Scaling of growth: Plants and animals are not so different. PNAS 98(5): 2113-2114.
Damuth, J.D. (1998). Population ecology: Common rules for animals and plants. Nature 395: 115-116.
Dawson, T. (1994). Kangaroos: The Biology of the Large Kangaroos. New South Wales University Press (Ltd).
de Lara, M. (2003). Mummy evergreen, why do you keep on growing? Stochastic dynamic programming in theoretical ecology. In: AICME II (2nd international conference on mathematical ecology). Control and optimization in ecological problems. Abstracts. .
Demetrius, L. (1975). Reproductive strategies and natural selection. The American Naturalist 109(967): 243-249.
Demetrius, L. (1969). The sensitivity of populatoin growth rate to perturbation in the life cycle components. Mathematical Biosciences 4: 129-136.
Dewar, R.C. (1999). Plant energetics and population density [Letter]. Nature 398: 572.
Dillon, R.T. (2000). Ecology of Freshwater Molluscs. Cambridge University Press.
Dodds, P.S., Rothman, D.H., and Weitz, J.S. (2001). Re-examination of the "3/4-law'' of metabolism. Journal of Theoretical Biology 209(1): 9-27.
Dorresteijn, A.W. and Westheide, W. (eds.) (1999). Reproductive Strategies and Developmental Patterns in Annelids. Springer (Vol 142 of Developments in Hydrobiology, 1st edition).
Draper, N. and Smith, H. (1981). Applied Regression Analysis. New York: John Wiley & Sons (2nd edition).
Elephant Encyclopedia (2004). Elephant Encyclopedia [electronic resource].
Enquist, B.J., Brown, J.H., and West, G.B. (1998). Allometric scaling of plant energetics and population density [Letter]. Nature 395: 163-165.
Factor, J.R. (ed.) (1995). The Biology of the Lobster Homarus americanus. NY: Academic Press.
Ferrière, R. and Gatto, M. (1995). Lyapunov exponents and the mathematics of invasion in oscillatory and chaotic populations. Theoretical Population Biology 48(2): 126-171.
Fitzhugh Jr., H.A. (1976). Analysis of growth curves and strategies for altering their shape. American Society of Animal Science 42: 1036-1051.
France, J. and Thornley, J.H.M. (1984). Mathematical Models in Agriculture. London: Butterworths.
Frith, H.J. and Calaby, J.H. (1969). Kangaroos. Canberra: Cheshire Publishing.
Gage, J.D. and Tyler, P.A. (1985). Growth and recruitment of the deep-sea urchin Echinus affinis. Marine Biology (Berlin) 90(1): 41-53.
Gillooly, J.F., Charnov, E.L., West, G.B., Savage, V.M., and Brown, J.H. (2002). Effects of size and temperature on developmental time. Nature 417: 70-73.
Glass, D.V. (1967). The third Royal Society Nuffield lecture: Demographic prediction. Proceedings of the Royal Society B168(1011): 119-139.
Goldstein, H. (1979). The design and analysis of longitudinal studies: Their role in the measurements of change. London: Academic press.
Gompertz, B. (1825). On the Nature of the Function Expressive of the Law of Human Mortality, and on a New Mode of Determining the Value of Life Contingencies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 115: 513-583.
Grant, J.W.A., Steingrímsson, S.Ó., Keeley, E.R., and Cunjak, R.A. (1998). Implications of territory size for the measurement and prediction of salmonid abundance in streams. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55(Suppl. 1): 181-190.
Gross, M.R. (1984). Sunfish, salmon, and the evolution of alternative reproductive strategies and tactics in fishes. In: Potts, G. and Wootton, R. (eds.). Fish Reproduction: Strategies and Tactics. London: Academic Press: 55-75.
Guégan, J.-F., Teriokhin, A.T., and Thomas, F. (2000). Human fertility variation, size-related obstetrical performance and the evolution of sexual stature dimorphism. Proceedings of the Royal Society 267(1461): 2529-2535.
Hanson, J.M., MacKay, W.C., and Prepas, E.E. (1989). Effect of size-selective predation by muskrats (Ondatra zebithicus) on a population of unionid clams (Anodonta grandis simpsonianus). Journal of Animal Ecology 58(1): 15-28.
Hasani, H., Zokaei, M., and Amidi, A. (2003). A New Approach to Polynomial Regression And Its Application to Physical Growth of Human Height (Hawaii International Conference on Statistics and Related Fields). Hawaii International Conference on Statistics and Related Fields.
Haynes, G. (1991). Mammoths, mastodons, and elephants. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Heino, M. and Kaitala, V. (1999). Evolution of resource allocation between growth and reproduction in animals with indeterminate growth. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 12(3): 423-429.
Hemmingsen, A.M. (1960). Energy metabolism as related to body size and respiratory surfaces, and its evolution. Reports of the Steno Memorial Hospital and the Nordisk Insulin laboratorium.
Heppell, S.S., Caswell, H., and Crowder, L.B. (2000). Life histories and elasticity patterns: perturbation analysis for species with minimal demographic data. Ecology 81(3): 654-665.
Heymsfield, S.B., Lohman, T.G., Wang, Z., and Going, S.B. (eds.) (2005). Human Body Composition. Human Kinetics Publishers (2nd edition).
Hoch, T. and Agabriel, J. (2004). A mechanistic dynamic model to estimate beef cattle growth and body composition: 1. Model description. Agricultural Systems 81(1): 1-15.
Hoch, T. and Agabriel, J. (2004). A mechanistic dynamic model to estimate beef cattle growth and body composition: 2. Model evaluation. Agricultural Systems 81(1): 17-35.
Huh, H.T. (1975). Bioenergetics of food conversion and growth of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) using formulated diets. Doctoral dissertation. [PhD Thesis]. Madison: University of Wisconsin.
Huyghe, C. (1997). White lupin (Lupinus albus L.). Field Crops Research 53(1-3): 147-160.
Jenss, R.M. and Bayley, B. (1937). A mathematical method for studying the growth of child. Human Biology 9: 556-563.
Johnson, Z.B., Brown, C.J., and Brown Jr., A.H. (1990). Evaluation of growth patterns of beef cows. Bulletin - Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station 923: 41.
Jokela, J. (1997). Optimal allocation tactics and indeterminate growth: Life-history evolution of long-lived bivalves. In: Streit, B., Städler, T., and Lively, C.M. (eds.). Evolutionary ecology of freshwater animals. Concepts and case studies. Birkhäuser: 179-196.
Jolicoeur, P. (1963). The multivariate generalization of the allometry equation. Biometrics 19(3): 497-499.
Jolicoeur, P., Abidi, H., and Pontier, J. (1991). Human stature: which growth model? Growth Dev Aging 55(2): 129-132.
Jolicoeur, P. and Pontier, J. (1989). Population Growth and Decline: a Four-Parameter Generalization of the Logistic Curve. Journal of Theoretical Biology 141(4): 563-571.
Jolicoeur, P., Pontier, J., and Abidi, H. (1992). Asymptomatic models for the longitudinal growth of human stature. American Journal of Human Biology 4(4): 461-468.
Jolicoeur, P., Pontier, J., Pernin, M.-O., and Sempe, M. (1988). A Lifetime Asymptotic Growth Curve for Human Height. Biometrics 44(4): 995-1003.
Kanefuji, K. and Shohoji, T. (1990). On a growth model of human height. Growth Dev Aging 54(4): 155-165.
Katsukawa, Y., Katsukawa, T., and Matsuda, H. (2002). Indeterminate growth is selected by a trade-off between high fecundity and risk avoidance in stochastic environments. Population Ecology 44(3): 265-272.
Kishi, S., Uchiyama, J., Baughman, A.M., Goto, T., Lin, M.C., and Tsai, S.B. (2003). The zebrafish as a vertebrate model of functional aging and very gradual senescence. Experimental Gerontology 38(7): 777-786.
Kleiber, M. (1947). Body size and metabolic rate. Physiology Reviews 27(4): 511-541.
Kleiber, M. (1975). The Fire of Life. New York: Krieger (2nd edition).
Koch, G.W., Sillett, S.C., and Jennings, G.M. (2004). The limits to tree height. Nature 428: 851-854.
Kooijman, S.A.L.M. (2000). Dynamic Energy and Mass Budgets in Biological Systems. Cambridge University Press.
Kooijman, S.A.L.M. (1993). Dynamic energy budgets in biological systems. Theory and applications in ecotoxicology. Cambridge University Press.
Kooijman, S.A.L.M. (1986a). Energy budgets can explain body size relations. Journal of Theoretical Biology 121(3): 269-282.
Kooijman, S.A.L.M. (1986b). Population dynamics on the basis of budgets. In: Metz, J.A.J. and Diekmann, O. (eds.). The Dynamics of Physiologically Structured Populations. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag: 266-297 (Springer Lecture notes on Biomathematics).
Kooijman, S.A.L.M. (2001). Quantitative aspects of metabolic organization; a discussion of concepts. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 356(1407): 331-349.
Kooijman, S.A.L.M., Kooi, B.W., and Hallam, T.G. (1999). The application of mass and energy conservation laws in physiologically structured population models of heterotrophic organisms. Journal of Theoretical Biology 197(3): 371-392.
Koops, W.J. (1986). Multiphasic growth curve analysis. Growth 50(2): 169-177.
Kozłowski, J. (1996). Energetic definition of fitness? Yes, but not that one. The American Naturalist 147(6): 1087-1091.
Kozłowski, J. (1993). Measuring fitness in life-history studies. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 8(3): 84-85.
Kozłowski, J. (1992). Optimal allocation of resources to growth and reproduction: Implications for age and size at maturity. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 7(1): 15-19.
Kozłowski, J. and Uchmañski, J. (1987). Optimal individual growth and reproduction in perennial species with indeterminate growth. Evolutionary Ecology 1(3): 214-230.
Krebs, H.A. (1950). Body size and tissue respiration. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 4: 249-269.
Krüger, F. (1965). Zur Mathematik des tierischen Wachstums. I. Grundlagen einer neuen Wachstumsfunktion. Helgoland Marine Research 12(1-2): 78-136.
Kuczmarski, R.J., Ogden, C.L., Guo, S.S., Grummer-Strawn, L.M., Flegal, K.M., Mei, Z., Wei, R., Curtin, L.R., Roche, A.F., and Johnson, C.L. (2000). 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: Methods and Development. Series Report. Vital Health Stat 11(246): 1-190 (National Center for Health Statistics).
Labouriau, R., Schulin- Zeuthen, M., and Danfær, A. (2000). Statistical Analysis of Pigs Development: An application of Richards regression models. Biometry Research Unit, Danish Institute of Agrucultural Sciences (Technical Report, Internal Report 14).
Laws, R.M. (1966). Age criteria for the African elephant Loxodonta A. Africana. African Journal of Ecolgy 4(1): 1-37.
Lee, D.L. (ed.) (2002). The Biology of Nematodes. CRC Press (1st edition).
Lee, P.C. and Moss, C.J. (1995). Statural growth in known-age African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Journal of Zoology 236(1): 29-41.
Lika, K. and Kooijman, S.A.L.M. (2003). Life History Implications of Allocation to Growth Versus Reproduction in Dynamic Energy Budgets. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 65(5): 809-834.
Lika, K. and Nisbet, R.M. (2000). A dynamic energy budget model based on partitioning of net production. Journal of Mathematical Biology 41(4): 361-386.
Lindenfors, P. and Tullberg, B.S. (1998). Phylogenetic analyses of primate size evolution: the consequences of sexual selection. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 64(4): 413-447.
Lotka, A.J. (1956). Elements of mathematical biology. New York: Dover Publication, Inc.
Makarieva, A.M., Gorshkov, V.G., and Li, B.-L. (2004). Ontogenetic growth: models and theory. Ecological Modelling 176(1-2): 15-26.
Malison, J.A., Best, C.D., Kayes, T.B., Amundson, C.H., and Wentworth, B.C. (1985). Hormonal growth promotion and evidence for a size-related difference in response to estradiol-17β in yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42(10): 1627-1633.
Martínez, D.E. (1998). Mortality patterns suggest lack of senescence in Hydra. Experimental Gerontology 33(3): 217-225.
Maynard Smith, J. and Price, G.R. (1973). The logic of animal conflict. Nature 246: 15-18.
Maynes, G.M. (1976). Growth of the Parma Wallaby, Macropus parma Waterhouse. Australian Journal of Zoology 24(2): 217-236.
McCullagh, P. and Nelder, J.A. (1989). Generalized Linear Models. London: Chapman & Hall (second edition).
McMahon, T.A. and Bonner, J.T. (1983). On Size and Life. New York: Scientific American Library.
Mead, R., Curnow, R., and Hasted, A. (1993). Statistical Methods in Agriculture and Experimental Biology. London: Chapman & Hall (2nd edition).
Medawar, P.B. (1940). The growth, growth energy, and ageing of the chicken's heart. Proceedings of the Royal Society B129(856): 332-355.
MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia (2006). Fetal development [electronic resource].
Metcalf, J.C., Rose, K.E., and Rees, M. (2003). Evolutionary demography of monocarpic perennials. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18(9): 471-480.
Metz, J.A.J., Geritz, S.A.H., Meszéna, G., Jacobs, F.J.A., and van Heerwaarden, J.S. (1996). Adaptive dynamics: a geometrical study of the consequences of nearly faithful reproduction. In: van Strien, S.J. and Verduyn Lunel, S.M. (eds.). Stochastic and spatial structures of dynamical systems. Congress: Proceedings of the Colloquium (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Amsterdam: Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences; KNAW Verhandelingen: 183-231.
Metz, J.A.J., Nisbet, R.M., and Geritz, S.A.H. (1992). How should we Define `Fitness' for General Ecological Scenarios? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7(6): 198-202.
Mommsen, T.P. (2001). Paradigms of growth in fish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 129(2-3): 207-219 .
Moore, K.L. and Persaud, T.V.N. (1998). The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Company (6th edition).
Mueller, U. and Mazur, A. (2001). Evidence of unconstrained directional selection for male tallness. Behaviorial Ecology and Sociobiology 50(4): 302-311.
Mylius, S.D. and Diekmann, O. (1995). On evolutionarily stable life histories, optimization and the need to be specific about density dependence. Oikos 74(2): 218-224.
Nelder, J.A. (1961). The fitting of a generalization of the logistic curve. Biometrics 17(1): 89-110.
Nettle, D. (2002a). Height and reproductive success in a cohort of British men. Human Nature 13(4): 473-491.
Nettle, D. (2002b). Women's height, reproductive success and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in modern humans. Proceedings of the Royal Society B269(1503): 1919-1923.
Niklas, K.J. (1994). Plant allometry: the scaling of form and process. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Niklas, K.J. and Enquist, B.J. (2001). Invariant scaling relationships for interspecific plant biomass production rates and body size. PNAS 98(5): 2922-2927.
Nisbet, R.M., Muller, E.B., Lika, K., and Kooijman, S.A.L.M. (2000). From molecules to ecosystems through dynamic energy budget models. Journal of Animal Ecology 69(6): 913-926.
Noonburg, E.G., Nisbet, R.M., McCauley, E., Gurney, W.S.C., Murdoch, W.W., and de Roos, A.M. (1998). Experimental testing of dynamic energy budget models. Functional Ecology 12(2): 211-222.
O'Conner, R.J. (1984). The Growth and Development of Birds. John Wiley & Sons Inc .
Parks, J.R. (1982). A theory of feeding and growth of animals. Berlin and New York: Springer-Verlag.
Pásztor, L., Meszéna, G., and Kisdi, É. (1996). R0 or r: a matter of taste? Journal of Evolutionary Biology 9(4): 511-516.
Pawlowski, B., Dunbar, R.I.M., and Lipowicz, A. (2000). Evolutionary fitness: Tall men have more reproductive success. Nature 403: 156.
Pearl, R. and Reead, L.J. (1920). On the rate of growth of the population of the United States since 1790 and its mathematical representation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 6(6): 275-288.
Perrin, N. and Sibly, R.M. (1993). Dynamic models of energy allocation and investment. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 24: 379-410.
Perrin, N., Sibly, R.M., and Nichols, N.K. (1993). Optimal growth strategies when mortality and production rates are size-dependent. Evolutionary Ecology 7(6): 576-592.
Peters, R.H. (1983). The ecological implications of body size. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
Preece, M.A. and Baines, M.J. (1978). A new family of mathematical models describing the human growth curve. Annals of human biology 5(1): 1-24.
Prescott, D.M. (1957). Relations between cell growth and cell division. In: Rudnick, D. (ed.). Rythmic and synthetic processes in growth. Princeton University Press: 59-74.
Pugliese, A. and Kozłowski, J. (1990). Optimal patterns of growth and reproduction for perrenial plants with persisting or not persisiting vegetative parts. Evolutionary Ecology 4(1): 75-89.
Purdom, C.E. (1993). Genetics and fish breeding. London: Chapman & Hall.
Pütter, A. (1920). Studien über physiologische Ähnlichkeit. VI. Wachstumsähnlichkeiten. Pflügers Archiv European Journal of Physiology 180(1): 298-340.
Quetelet, M.A. (1968). A treatize on man and the development of his facilities. New York: Burt Franklin.
Rand, D.A., Wilson, H.B., and McGlade, J.M. (1994). Dynamics and evolution: evolutionarily stable attractors, invasion exponents and phenotypic dynamics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B343(1305): 261-283.
Raup, D.M. and Stanley, S.M. (1978). Principles of Paleontology. New York: W.H. Freeman and Co (2nd edition).
Richards, F.J. (1959). A flexible growth function for empirical use. Journal of Experimental Botany 10(2): 290-300.
Ricklefs, R.E. (1968). Patterns of growth in birds. Ibis 110(4): 419-451.
Robinson, S.L. and Wilcox, J.R. (1998). Comparison of Determinate and Indeterminate Soybean Near-Isolines and Their Response to Row Spacing and Planting Date. Crop Sci. 38: 1554-1557.
Rogers, A.R. and Mukherjee, A. (1992). Quantitative genetics of sexual dimorphism in human body size. Evolution 46(1): 226-234.
Sandland, R.L. and McGilchrist, C.A. (1979). Stochastic growth curve analysis. Biometrics 35(1): 255-271.
Savageau, M.A. (1980). Growth equations: A general equation and a survey of special cases. Mathematical Biosciences 48(3-4): 267-278.
Schmidt-Nielsen, K. (1984). Scaling: Why Is Animal Size So Important? Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
Sebens, K.P. (1977). Autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition of coral reef zoanthids. Proc. 3rd Int. Coral Reef Symp. 2: 397-404.
Shohoji, T. and Sasaki, H. (1987). Individual growth of stature of Japanese. Growth 51(4): 432-450.
Sibly, R., Calow, P., and Nichols, N. (1985). Are patterns of growth adaptive? Journal of Theoretical Biology 112(3): 553-574.
Smith, D.C. (1992). Age determination and growth in fish and other aquatic animals. CSIRO Australia .
Smith, R.J. (1996). Biology and body size in human evolution: Statistical inference misapplied. Current Anthropology 37(3): 451-481.
Starck, J.M. and Ricklefs, R.E. (1998). Avian growth and development: evolution within the altricial-precocial spectrum. Oxford University Press.
Stephens, R.E. (1972). Studies on the development of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. I. Ecology and normal development. Biological Bulletin 142(1): 132-144.
Stone, R.P. (1999). Mass molting of Tanner Crabs Chionoecetes bairdi in a southeast Alaska Estuary. Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin 6(1): 19-28.
Summerfelt, R.C. and Hall, G.E. (1987). Age and Growth of Fish. Iowa State Press (1st edition).
Tanaka, E.M. (2003). If they can do it, why can't we? Cell 113(5): 559-562.
Tanaka, M. (1982). A new growth curve which expresses infinitive increase. Publ. Amakusa Mar. Biol. Lab. 6(2): 167-177.
Tanaka, M. (1976). On a few patterns of growth curve and their expressions. Physiol. Ecol. Japan 17: 519-525.
Tanaka, M. and Kikuchi, T. (1979). Ecological studies on benthic macrofauna in Tomoe Cove, Amakusa. III. Life history and population fluctuation of major molluscs. Publ. Amakusa Mar. Biol. Lab. 5: 79-115.
Tanaka, M. and Kikuchi, T. (1980). Growth curves in Theora lubrica (Gould) (Bivalvia, Seneridae). I. Fitting of several growth curves. Publ. Amakusa Mar. Biol. Lab. 5: 201-214.
Tanner, J.F., Ulijaszek, S.J., Johnston, F.E., and Preece, M.A. (eds.) (1998). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Growth and Development. Cambridge University Press (1st edition).
Taylor, B.E. and Gabriel, W. (1992). To grow or not to grow: optimal resource allocation for Daphnia. The American Naturalist 139(2): 248-266.
Thissen, D., Bock, D., Wainer, H., and Roche, A.F. (1976). Individual growth in stature: a comparison of four growth studies in the U.S.A. Annals of Human Biology 3(6): 529-542.
Turner, M.E., Blimenstein, B.A., and Sebaugh, J.L. (1969). 265 Note: A generalization of the logistic law of growth. Biometrics 25(3): 577-580.
Turner, M.E., Bradley, E.L., Kirk, K.A., and Pruitt, K.M. (1976). A theory of growth. Mathematical Biosciences 29(3-4): 367-373.
van Leeuwen, I.M.M., Kelpin, F.D.L., and Kooijman, S.A.L.M. (2002). A mathematical model that accounts for the effects of caloric restriction on body weight and longevity. Biogerontology 3(6): 373-381.
van Leeuwen, I.M.M., Zonneveld, C., and Kooijman, S.A.L.M. (2003). The embedded tumour: host physiology is important for the evaluation of tumour growth. British Journal of Cancer 89: 2254-2263.
Vaughan, T.A., Ryan, J.M., and Czaplewski, N.J. (2000). Mammalogy. Philadelphia: Saunders College Publishing (4th edition).
Vaupel, J.W., Baudisch, A., Dölling, M., Roach, D.A., and Gampe, J. (2004). The Case for Negative Senescence. Theoretical Population Biology 65(4): 339-351.
Verhulst, P.-F. (1838). Notice sur la loi que la population suit dans son accroissement. Corr. Math. Phys 10: 113.
Weatherley, A.H. and Gill, H.S. (1987a). The Biology of Fish Growth. Academic Press.
Weatherley, A.H. and Gill, H.S. (1987b). The Biology of Fish Growth. London: Academic Press.
WebMD (2001). Pregnancy week-by-week [electronic resource].
Wenner, A. (ed.) (1985). Factors in Adult Growth. Aa Balkema (Crustacean Issues).
West, G.B., Brown, J.H., and Enquist, B.J. (2001). A general model for ontogenetic growth [Letters to Nature]. Nature 413: 628-631.
West, G.B., Brown, J.H., and Enquist, B.J. (1997). A general model for the origin of allometric scaling laws in biology. Science 276(5309): 122-126.
West, G.B., Brown, J.H., and Enquist, B.J. (1999). The Fourth Dimension of Life: Fractal Geometry and Allometric Scaling of Organisms. Science 284(5420): 1677-1679.
West, G.B., Woodruff, W.H., and Brown, J.H. (2002). Allometric scaling of metabolic rate from molecules and mitochondria to cells and mammals. PNAS 99(suppl. 1): 2473-2478.
White, C.R. and Seymour, R.S. (2003). Mammalian basal metabolic rate is proportional to body mass 2/3. PNAS 100(7): 4046-4049.
Williams, G.C. (1957). Pleiotropy Natural Selection Evolution of Senescence. Evolution 11(4): 398-411.
Wishart, J. (1938). Growth-Rate Determinations in Nutrition Studies with the Bacon Pig, and Their Analysis. Biometrika 30(1/2): 16-28.
Wood, A.J., Cowan, I. M., and Nordan, H.C. (1962). Periodicity of growth in ungulates as shown by deer of the genus Odocoileus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 40(4): 593-603.
Yi, S. and Li-feng, H. (1998). A new literature growth model: Variable exponential growth law of literature. Scientometrics 42(2): 259-265.
Zonneveld, C. and Kooijman, S.A.L.M. (1989). Application of a Dynamic Energy Budget model to Lymnaea stagnalis (L.). Functional Ecology 3(3): 269-278.
Zullinger, E.M., Ricklefs, R.E., Redford, K.H., and Mace, G.M. (1984). Fitting sigmoidal equations to mammalian growth rates. Journal of Mammalogy 65(4): 607-636.