Volume 16 - Article 8 | Pages 219–248  

Evaluation of a village-informant driven demographic surveillance system in Karonga, Northern Malawi

By Andreas Jahn, Amelia C Crampin, Judith R. Glynn, Venance Mwinuka, Elenaus Mwaiyeghele, Johnbosco Mwafilaso, Keith Branson, Nuala McGrath, Paul EM Fine, Basia Zaba

References

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Chandramohan, D., Maude, G.H., Rodrigues, L.C., and Hayes, R.J. (1994). Verbal autopsies for adult deaths: issues in their development and validation. International Journal of Epidemiology 23(2): 213-222.

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Chandramohan, D., Maude, G.H., Rodrigues, L.C., and Hayes, R.J. (1998). Verbal autopsies for adult deaths: their development and validation in a multicentre study. Tropical Medicine & International Health 3(6): 436-446.

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Chirwa, T. (2001). Effect of household dynamics on risk of disease associated with household contact. [PhD]. London: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.

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Chirwa, T., Floyd, S., Ponnighaus, J., Malema, S., Kileta, S., and Zaba, B. et al. (2004). Household dynamics in northern Malawi during the 1980s. Southern African Journal of Demography 9(2): 1-23.

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Chirwa, T., Floyd, S., Zaba, B., and Fine, P.E. (2005). Demographic analysis of the population of Karonga District, northern Malawi, in the early years of the HIV epidemic (1980-90). (submitted).

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Crampin, A.C., Floyd, S., Glynn, J.R., Madise, N., Nyondo, A., and Khondowe, M.M. et al. (2003). The long-term impact of HIV and orphanhood on the mortality and physical well-being of children in rural Malawi. AIDS 17(3): 389-397.

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Crampin, A.C., Floyd, S., Glynn, J.R., Sibande, F., Mulawa, D., and Nyondo, A. et al. (2002). Long-term follow-up of HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in rural Malawi. AIDS 16(11): 1545-1550.

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D’Souza, S. (1981). A population laboratory for studying disease processes and mortality-the Demographic Surveillance System, Matlab Comilla. Rural Demography, Bangladesh 8(1): 29-51.

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Datta, N., Mand, M., and Kumar, V. (1988). Validation of causes of infant death in the community by verbal autopsy. Indian Journal Pediatrics 55(4): 599-604.

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Fitness, J., Floyd, S., Warndorff, D.K., Sichali, L., Malema, S., and Crampin, A.C. et al. (2004). Large-scale candidate gene study of tuberculosis susceptibility in the Karonga district of northern Malawi. American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene 71(3): 341-349.

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Fitness, J., Floyd, S., Warndorff, D.K., Sichali, L., Mwaungulu, L., and Crampin, A.C. et al. (2004). Large-scale candidate gene study of leprosy susceptibility in the Karonga district of northern Malawi. American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene 71(3): 330-40.

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Glynn, J.R., Ponnighaus, J., Crampin, A.C., Sibande, F., Sichali, L., and Nkhosa, P. et al. (2001). The development of the HIV epidemic in Karonga District, Malawi. AIDS 15(15): 2025-2029.

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McDermott, J., Steketee, R.W., and Wirima, J.J. (1996). Perinatal mortality in rural Malawi. Bull World Health Organisation 72(2): 165-171.

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Ndawala, J.S. (2001). Infant and child mortality. In: National Statistics Office [Malawi] and ORC Macro (eds.). Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2000. Zomba, Malawi and Calverton, Maryland, USA: ORC Macro: 97-104.

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Ngom, P., Binka, F.N., Phillips, J.F., Pence, B., and Macleod, B. (2001). Demographic surveillance and health equity in sub-Saharan Africa. Health Policy and Planning 16(4): 337-344.

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Ponnighaus, J.M., Fine, P.E., Bliss, L., Gruer, P.J., Kapira-Mwamondwe, B., and Msosa, E. et al. (1993). The Karonga Prevention Trial: a leprosy and tuberculosis vaccine trial in northern Malawi. I. Methods of the vaccination phase. Leprosy Review 64(4): 338-356.

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Ponnighaus, J.M., Fine, P.E., Sterne, J.A., Bliss, L., Wilson, R.J., and Malema, S.S. et al. (1994). Incidence rates of leprosy in Karonga District, northern Malawi: patterns by age, sex, BCG status and classification. International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association 62(1): 10-23.

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Ponninghaus, J.M., Fine, P.E., Bliss, L., Sliney, I.J., Bradley, D.J., and Rees, R.J. (1987). The Lepra Evaluation Project (LEP), an epidemiological study of leprosy in Northern Malawi, I. Methods. Leprosy Review 58(4): 359-375.

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Republic of Malawi PD (2002). Karonga District Socio Economic Profile. Chapter I. General Features. Lilongwe.

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Setel, P.W., Sankoh, O., Rao, C., Velkoff, V.A., Mathers, C., and Gonghuan, Y. et al. (2005). Sample registration of vital events with verbal autopsy: a renewed commitment to measuring and monitoring vital statistics. Bull World Health Organisation 83(8): 611-617.

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Snow, R.W., Armstrong, J.R., Forster, D., Winstanley, M.T., Marsh, V.M., and Newton, C.R. et al. (1992). Childhood deaths in Africa: uses and limitations of verbal autopsies. Lancet 340(8815): 351-355.

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Tollman, S.M., Herbst, K., Garenne, M., Gear, J.S., and Kahn, K. (1999). The Agincourt demographic and health study - site description, baseline findings and implications. Southern African Medicine Journal 89(8): 858-864.

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Wallace, C., Fitness, J., Hennig, B., Sichali, L., Mwaungulu, L., and Ponnighaus, J.M. et al. (2004). Linkage analysis of susceptibility to leprosy type using an IBD regression method. Genes and Immunity 5(3): 221-225.

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