Volume 29 - Article 40 | Pages 1097–1126  

Domestic gender equality and childbearing in Sweden

By Frances Goldscheider, Eva Bernhardt, Maria Brandén

References

Alsarve, J. and Boye, K (2011). Man vill ha det lite jämställt sådär’. Planer för föräldraledighet och arbetsdelning bland blivande föräldrar. Örebro Universitet : Akademin för humaniora, utbildning och samhällsvetenskap.

Download reference:

Arpino, B. and Tavares, L.P (2013). Fertility and Values in Italy and Spain: A Look at Regional Differences within the European Context. Population Review 52(1): 62-85.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Balbo, N., Billari, F.C., and Mills, M. (2013). Fertility in advanced societies: A review of research. European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie 29(1): 1-38.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Baxter, J. (1997). Gender equality and participation in housework: A cross-national perspective. Journal of Comparative Family Studies 28(3): 220-245.

Download reference:

Baxter, J. and Western, M. (1998). Satisfaction with housework: examining the paradox. Sociology 32(1): 101-120.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Bernhardt, E.M. (1993). Fertility and Employment. European Sociological Review 9(1): 25-42.

Download reference:

Bernhardt, E.M. and Goldscheider, F. (2006). Gender equality, parenthood attitudes, and first births in Sweden. In: Philipov, D., Liefbroer, A., and Billari, F. (eds.). Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, special issue on “Postponement of Childbearing in Europe. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences: 19-39.

Download reference:

Bernhardt, E.M., Noack, T., and Lyngstad, T. H. (2008). Shared housework in Norway and Sweden: advancing the gender revolution. Journal of European Social Policy 18(3): 275-288.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Bernhardt, E.M: and Goldscheider, F (2012). Ambivalence about children in the family building process in Sweden. Paper presented at the European Population Conference, Stockholm, June 2012.

Download reference:

Bianchi, S.M., Milkie, M.A., Sayer, L.C., and Robinson, J.P. (2000). Is anyone doing the housework? U.S. trends in the gender division of household labor. Social Forces 79(1): 191-228.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Billari, F.C. (2004). Choices, opportunities and constraints in partnership, childbearing and parenting: the patterns in the 1990s. Paper presented at the European Population Forum 2004: Population Challenges and Policy Responses, Geneva, 12-14 January .

Download reference:

Björnberg, U. (2004). Making agreements and managing conflicts: Swedish dual earner couples in theory and practice. Current Sociology 52(1): 33-52.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Bonke, J. and Esping-Andersen, G. (2011). Family Investments in Children—Productivities, Preferences, and Parental Child Care. European Sociological Review 27(1): 43-55.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Breen, R. and Cooke, L.P. (2005). The persistence of the gendered division of domestic labour. European Sociological Review 21(1): 43-57.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Brewster, K.L. and Rindfuss, R.R. (2000). Fertility and women’s employment in industrialized countries. Annual Review of Sociology 26(1): 271-296.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Christensen, K., Herskind, A.M., and Vaupel, J. (2006). Why Danes are smug: comparative study of life satisfaction in the European Union. British Medical Journal 333(7582): 1289-1291.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Claffey, S.T and Mickelson, K.D. (2009). Division of household labor and distress: The role of perceived fairness for employed mothers. Sex Roles 60(11-12): 819-831.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Cooke, L.P. (2009). Gender equity and fertility in Italy and Spain. Journal of Social Policy 38(1): 123-140.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Cooke, L.P. (2004). The gendered division of labor and family outcomes in germany. Journal of Marriage and Family 66(5): 1246-1259.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Cooke, L.P. (2010). The politics of housework. In: Treas, J. and Drobnic, S. (eds.). Dividing the Domestic: Men, Women and Household Work in a Cross-national Perspective. Stanford: Stanford University Press: 57-78.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Dribe, M. and Stanfors, M. (2009). Does parenthood strengthen a traditional household division of labor? Evidence from Sweden. Journal of Marriage and Family 71(1): 33-45.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Duvander, A.-Z. and Andersson, G. (2006). Gender equality and fertility in Sweden: A study of the impact of father’s uptake of parental leave on continued childbearing. Marriage & Family Review 39(1-2): 121-142.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Duvander, A-Z., Lappegård, T., and Andersson, G. (2010). Family policy and fertility: fathers’ and mothers’ use of parental leave and continued childbearing in Norway and Sweden. Journal of European Social Policy 20(1): 45-57.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Easterlin, R.A. (2003). Explaining happiness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100(19): 11176-11183.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Espenshade, T.J. (1972). The price of children and socioeconomic theories of fertility. Population Studies 26(2): 207-221.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Esping-Andersen, G. (2009). The Incomplete Revolution: Adapting to Women’s New Roles. Oxford, Cambridge: Polity Press.

Download reference:

Evertsson, M. (2013). Sharing housework and childcare in Sweden. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of gender ideology and unpaid work. Stockholm University: Demography Unit.

Download reference:

Evertsson, M. and Nermo, M. (2004). Dependence within families and the division of labor: Comparing Sweden and the United States. Journal of Marriage and Family 66(5): 1272-1286.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Frejka, T. (2008). Parity distribution and completed family size in Europe: Incipient decline of the two-child family model. Demographic Research 19(4): 47-72 (10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.4).

Download reference:

Frejka, T., Sobotka, T., Hoem, J. , and Toulemon, L. (2008). Childbearing Trends and Policies in Europe. Demographic Research Special Collection 7.

Geist, C. and Cohen, P.N. (2011). Headed toward equality? Housework change in a comparative perspective. Journal of Marriage and Family 73(4): 832-844.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Gershuny, J. and Sullivan, O. (2003). Time use, gender, and public policy regimes. Social Politics 10(2): 205-228.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Goldscheider, F. (2012). The gender revolution and the second demographic transition. Paper presented at the The European Association for Population Studies, Stockholm, Sweden, 13 June.

Download reference:

Goldscheider, F., Oláh, L.Sz. , and Puur, A. (2010). Reconciling studies of men’s gender attitudes and fertility: Response to Westoff and Higgins. Demographic Research 22(8): 189-198 (10.4054/DemRes.2010.22.8).

Download reference:

Goldscheider, F. and Waite, L. (1991). New Families, No Families? The Transformation of the American Home. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Download reference:

Goode, W. (1982). Why men resist. In: Thorne, B. and Yalom, M. (eds.). Rethinking the family: Some feminist questions. New York: Longman : 131-150.

Download reference:

Haas, B., Steiber, N., Hartel, M., and Wallace, C. (2006). Household employment patterns in an enlarged European Union. Work, Employment & Society 20(4): 751-771.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Hochschild, A. (1989). The Second Shift. Working Parents and the Revolution at Home. New York: Viking Press.

Download reference:

Hoem, J.M. (2005). Why does Sweden have such high fertility? Demographic Research 13(22): 559-572 (10.4054/DemRes.2005.13.22).

Download reference:

Hofferth, S.L. and Sandberg, J.F. (2001). Changes in children’s time with parents: United States, 1981–1997. Demography 38(3): 423-436.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Holland, J.A. (2013). Love, marriage, then the baby carriage? Marriage timing and childbearing in Sweden. Demographic Research 29(11): 275-306 (10.4054/DemRes.2013.29.11).

Download reference:

Hook, J.L. (2006). Care in context: Men’s unpaid work in 20 countries, 1965-2003. American Sociological Review 71(4): 639-660.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Kalmuss, D., Davidson, A., and Cushman, L. (1992). Parenting expectations, experiences, and adjustment to parenthood: A test of the violated expectations framework. Journal of Marriage and Family 54(3): 516-526.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Kamp Dush, C.M. and Taylor, M.G. (2012). Trajectories of Marital Conflict Across the Life Course: Predictors and Interactions With Marital Happiness Trajectories. Journal of Family Issues 33(3): 341-368.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Kan, M., Sullivan, O., and Gershuny, J. (2011). Gender Convergence in Domestic Work: Discerning the Effects of Interactional and Institutional Barriers from Large-scale Data. Sociology 45(2): 234-251.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Kan, M.Y. (2008). Measuring Housework Participation: The Gap between “Stylised” Questionnaire Estimates and Diary-based Estimates. Social Indicators Research 86(3): 381-400.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Kaufman, G. (2000). Do Gender Role Attitudes Matter?: Family Formation and Dissolution Among Traditional and Egalitarian Men and Women. Journal of Family Issues 21(1): 128-144.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Kaufman, G. and Bernhardt, E. (2012). His and Her Job: What Matters Most for Fertility Plans and Actual Childbearing? Family Relations 61(4): 686-697.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Kaufman, G. and Taniguchi, H. (2006). Gender and Marital Happiness in Later Life. Journal of Family Issues 27(6): 735-757.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Kjeldstad, R. (2001). Gender policies and gender equality. In: Kauto, M. (ed.). Nordic Welfare States in the European Context. London: Routledge: 66-98.

Download reference:

Kjeldstad, R. and Lappegård, T. (2012). How do gender values and household practices cohere? Value-practice configurations in a gender egalitarian context. Statistics Norway: Research Department (Discussion papers No 683).

Download reference:

Kravdal, O. and Rindfuss, R.R. (2008). Changing Relationships between Education and Fertility: A Study of Women and Men Born 1940 to 1964. American Sociological Review 73(5): 854-873.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Mason, K.O. (2001). Gender and Family Systems in the Fertility Transition. Population and Development Review 27: 160-176.

Mason, K.O., Czajka, J.L., and Arber, S. (1976). Change in U.S. Women's Sex-Role Attitudes, 1964-1974. American Sociological Review 41(4): 573-596.

Matysiak, A. and Vignoli, D. (2008). Fertility and Women’s Employment: A Meta-analysis. European Journal of Population 24(4): 363-384.

Weblink:
Download reference:

McDonald, P. (2000b). Gender Equity in Theories of Fertility Transition. Population and Development Review 26(3): 427-439.

Weblink:
Download reference:

McDonald, P. (2000a). Gender equity, social institutions and the future of fertility. Journal of Population Research 17(1): 1-16.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Mencarini, L. and Sironi, M. (2012). Happiness, Housework and Gender Inequality in Europe. European Sociological Review 28(2): 203-219.

Download reference:

Miettinen, A., Basten, S., and Rotkirch, A. (2011). Gender equality and fertility intentions revisited: Evidence from Finland. Demographic Research 24(20): 469-496.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Mills, M. (2010). Gender roles, gender (in)equality and fertility: An empirical test of five gender equity indices. Canadian Studies in Population 37(3-4): 445-474.

Download reference:

Mills, M., Mencarini, L., Tanturri, M.L., and Begall, K. (2008). Gender equity and fertility intentions in Italy and the Netherlands. Demographic Research 18(1): 1-26 (10.4054/DemRes.2008.18.1).

Download reference:

Myrdal, A. (1968). Nation and Family: The Swedish experiment in democratic family and population policy . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Download reference:

Neyer, G., Lappegård, T., and Vignoli, D. (2013). Gender Equality and Fertility: Which Equality Matters? European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie 29(3): 245-272.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Nilsson, K. (2010). Housework and family formation. Open Demography Journal 3: 1-10.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Oláh, L.Sz. (2003). Gendering fertility: Second births in Sweden and Hungary. Population Research and Policy Review 22(2): 171-200.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Oláh, L.Sz. and Bernhardt, E. (2008). Sweden: Combining childbearing and gender equality. Demographic Research 19(28): 1105-1144.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Persson, L (2007). Var sjätte förblir barnlös (Every sixth person remains childless). Välfärd 2007: 5.

Download reference:

Philipov, D. (2008). Family-related gender attitudes: The three dimensions--"gender role ideology", "consequences for the family", and "economic consequences". In: Höhn, C., Avramov, D., and Kotowska, I. (eds.). People, population change and policies: Vol. 2: Demographic Knowledge – Gender – Aging. Springer: 153-174.

Download reference:

Pinnelli, A. and Fiori, F. (2008). The Influence of Partner Involvement in Fatherhood and Domestic Tasks on Mothers' Fertility Expectations in Italy. Fathering: A Journal of Theory, Research, and Practice about Men as Fathers 6(2): 169-191.

Download reference:

Press, J. and Townsley, E. (1998). Wives’ and husbands’ housework reporting: Gender, Class, and Social Desirability. Gender & Society 12(2): 188-218.

Proulx, T., Inzlicht, M., and Harmon-Jones, E. (2012). Understanding all inconsistency compensation as a palliative response to violated expectations. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 16(5): 285-291.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Puur, A., Oláh, L.Sz., Tazi-Preve, M.I., and Dorbritz, J. (2008). Men's childbearing desires and views of the male role in Europe at the dawn of the 21st century. Demographic Research 19(56): 1883-1912 (10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.56).

Download reference:

Robinson, S.L. and Rousseau, D.M. (1994). Violating the psychological contract: Not the exception but the norm. Journal of Organizational Behavior 15(3): 245-259.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Roman, C. (1999). Inte av kärlek allena: Makt i hemarbetets fördelning / Not from love alone. Power and the division of housework. Sociologisk Forskning 36(1): 33-52.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Sainsbury, D. (1999). Taxation, family responsibilities and employment. In: Sainsbury, D. (ed.). Gender and Welfare Regimes. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 185-210.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Sayer, L.C. (2005). Gender, Time and Inequality: Trends in Women's and Men's Paid Work, Unpaid Work and Free Time. Social Forces 84(1): 285-303.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Siemsen, E., Roth, A., and Oliveira, P. (2010). Common Method Bias in Regression Models With Linear, Quadratic, and Interaction Effects. Organizational Research Methods 13(3): 456-476.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Skrede, K. (2004). Familiepolitikkens grense – ved ”likestilling light”? In: Ellingsæter, A.L. and Leira, A. (eds.). Velferdsstaten og familien. Utfordringer og dilemmaer. Oslo: Gyldendal Akademisk: 160-200.

Download reference:

Statistics Sweden (2011). Olika generationers barnafödande. Stockholm: Statistics Sweden. (Demographic reports 2011:3).

Download reference:

Stycos, J.M. and Weller, R.H. (1967). Female working roles and fertility. Demography 4(1): 210-217.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Sullivan, O. (1996). Time Co-Ordination, the Domestic Division of Labour and Affective Relations: Time Use and the Enjoyment of Activities within Couples. Sociology 30(1): 79-100.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Torr, B.M. and Short, S.E. (2004). Second Births and the Second Shift: A Research Note on Gender Equity and Fertility. Population and Development Review 30(1): 109-130.

Weblink:
Download reference:

van der Lippe, T. and van Dijk, L. (2002). Comparative research on women’s employment. Annual Review of Sociology 28(1): 221-241.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Westoff, C.F. and Higgins, J. (2009). Relationships between men´s gender attitudes and fertility: Response to Puur et al.'s "Men’s childbearing desires and views of the male role in Europe at the dawn of the 21st century". Demographic Research 21(3): 65-74 (10.4054/DemRes.2009.21.3).

Download reference:

Back to the article