Volume 43 - Article 57 | Pages 1685–1738
Maternal employment and the well-being of children living with a lone mother in Scotland
References
Agresti, A. (2013). Categorical data analysis. New York: Wiley.
Albelda, R., Himmelweith, S., and Humphries, J. (2008). The dilemmas of lone motherhood: Key issues for feminist economics. Feminist Economics 10(2): 1–7.
Amato, P.R. (2001). Children of divorce in the 1990s: An update of the Amato and Keith (1991) meta-analysis. Journal of Family Psychology 15(3): 355–370.
Amato, P.R. (2010). Research on divorce: Continuing trends and new developments. Journal of Marriage and Family 72(3): 650–666.
Amato, P.R. and Keith, B. (1991). Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin 110(1): 26–46.
Arpino, B., Pronzato, C., and Tavares, L. (2014). The effect of grandparental support on mothers’ labour market participation: An instrumental variable approach. European Journal of Population 30(4): 369–390.
Attar-Schwartz, S., Tan, J.P., Buchanan, A., Flouri, E., and Griggs, J. (2009). Grandparenting and adolescent adjustment in two-parent biological, lone-parent, and step-families. Journal of Family Psychology 23(1): 67–75.
Baydar, N. and Brooks-Gunn, J. (1991). Effects of maternal employment and child-care Arrangements on preschoolers’ cognitive and behavioral outcomes: Evidence from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Developmental Psychology 27(6): 932–945.
Becker, G. S. (1981). A treatise on the family. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Bell, K., Brewer, M., and Phillips, D. (2007). Lone-parents and ‘mini-jobs’. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Belsky, J. (2006). Determinants and consequences of infant-parent attachment. In: Balter, L. and Tamis-LeMonda, C.S. (eds.). Child psychology: A handbook of contemporary issues. New York: Psychology Press: 53–77.
Bennett, F. (2012). Universal Credit: Overview and gender implications. In: Kilkey, M., Ramia, G., and Farnsworth, K. (eds.). Social Policy Review 24: Analysis and Debate in Social Policy 2012. Bristol: The Policy Press: 15–34.
Bernal, R. and Keane, M.P. (2011). Child care choices and children’s cognitive achievement: The case of single mothers. Journal of Labor Economics 29(3): 459–512.
Bernardi, L. and Mortelmans, D. (2018). Lone-parenthood in the life course. Basel: Springer International Publishing.
Bianchi, S.M. and Milkie, M.A. (2010). Work and family research in the first decade of the 21st century. Journal of Marriage and Family 72(3): 705–725.
Brady, M. (2018). The role of informal childcare in mothers’ experiences of care and employment: A qualitative life-course analysis. In: Bernardi, L. and Mortelmans, D. (eds.). Lone-parenthood in the life course. Basel: Springer International Publishing: 237–255.
Brady, M. and Cook, K.E. (2015). The impact of welfare to work on parents and their children. Evidence Base 3: 1–23.
Bronfenbrenner, U. and Morris, P.A. (2006). The bioecological model of human development. In: Lerner, R.M. and Damon, W. (eds.). Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons Inc: 793–828.
Brooks-Gunn, J. and Duncan, G.J. (1997). The effects of poverty on children and youth. The Future of Children 7(2): 55–71.
Brooks-Gunn, J., Han, W., and Waldfogel, J. (2010). First-year maternal employment and child development in the first seven years. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 75(2): 7–9.
Brooks-Gunn, J., Han, W., and Waldfogel, J. (2002). Maternal employment and child outcomes in the first three years of life: The NICHD study of early child care. Child Development 73(4): 1052–1072.
Burger, K. (2010). How does early childhood care and education affect cognitive development? An international review of the effects of early interventions for children from different social backgrounds. Early Childhood Research Quarterly 25(2): 140–165.
Chapple, S. (2013). Child well-being and sole parent family structure in the OECD. Paris: OECD.
Cigno, A. (1991). Economics of the family. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Collins, W.A., Maccoby, E.E., Steinberg, L., Hetherington, E.M., and Bornstein, M.H. (2000). Contemporary research on parenting: The case for nature and nurture. American Psychologist 55(2): 218.
Cook, K.E. (2012). Social support in single parents’ transition from welfare to work: Analysis of qualitative findings. International Journal of Social Welfare 21(4): 338–350.
Dannefer, D. (2003). Cumulative advantage/disadvantage and the life course: Cross-fertilizing age and social science theory. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 58(6): 327–337.
Del Boca, D., Piazzalunga, D., and Pronzato, C. (2014). The role of grandparents in early childcare and child outcomes. Review of Economics of the Households 16(2): 477–512.
Deleire, T. and Kalil, A. (2002). Good things come in threes: Single-parent multigenerational family structure and adolescent adjustment. Demography 39(2): 393–413.
Downey, G. and Coyne, J.C. (1990). Children of depressed parents: an integrative review. Psychological Bulletin 108(1): 50–76.
Dunifon, R. and Kowaleski-Jones, L. (2007). The influence of grandparents in single-mother families. Journal of Marriage and Family 69(2): 465–481.
Elder, G.H. and Caspi, A. (1988). Economic stress in lives: Developmental perspectives. Journal of Social Issues 44(4): 25–45.
Feinstein, L., Duckworth, K., and Sabates, R. (2008). Education and the family: Passing success across the generations. London: Routledge.
Fewell, Z., Hernan, M.A., Wolfe, F., Tilling, K., Choi, H., and Sterne, J.A.C. (2004). Controlling for time-dependent confounding using marginal structural models. The Stata Journal 4: 402–420.
Gennetian, L.A. and Miller, C. (2002). Children and welfare reform: A view from an experimental welfare program in Minnesota. Child Development 73(2): 601–620.
Gill, S.C., Butterworth, P., Rodgers, B., and Mackinnon, A. (2007). Validity of the mental health component scale of the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (MCS_12) as measure of common mental disorders in the general population. Psychiatry Research 152(1): 63–71.
Goisis, A. (2015). How are children of older mothers doing? Evidence from the United Kingdom. Biodemography and Social Biology 61(3): 231–251.
Goodman, A. and Goodman, R. (2009). Strengths and difficulties questionnaire as a dimensional measure of child mental health. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 48(4): 400–403.
Goodman, R. (1999). The extended version of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire as a guide to child psychiatric caseness and consequent burden. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 40(5): 791–799.
Goodman, R. (1997). The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 38(5): 581–586.
Goodman, R., Ford, T., Richards, H., Gatward, R., and Meltzer, H. (2000). The development and well-being assessment: description and initial validation of an integrated assessment of child and adolescent psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 41(5): 645–655.
Green, H., McGinnity, A., Meltzer, H., Ford, T., and Goodman, R. (2005). Mental health of children and young people in Great Britain, 2004. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Gregg, P., Washbrook, E., Propper, C., and Burgess, S. (2005). The effects of a mother’s return to work decision on child development in the UK. The Economic Journal 115(501): 48–80.
Gustafsson, S.S., Wetzels, C.M.M.P., Vlasblom, J.D., and Dex, S. (1996). Women’s labor force transitions in connection with childbirth: A panel data comparison between Germany, Sweden and Great Britain. Journal of Population Economics 9(3): 223–246.
Han, W., Waldfogel, J., and Brooks-Gunn, J. (2001). The effects of early maternal employment on later cognitive and behavioural outcomes. Journal of Marriage and Family 63(2): 336–354.
Harding, C., Wheaton, B., and Butler, A. (2017). Childcare Survey 2017. London: Family and Childcare Trust.
Harkness, S. and Salgado, M.F. (2018). Single motherhood and child development in the UK. In: Nieuwenhuis, R. and Maldonad, L.C. (eds.). The triple bind of single-parent families. Resources, employment and policies to improve wellbeing. Bristol: Bristol University Press: 101–123.
Härkönen, J., Bernardi, F., and Boertien, D. (2018). Family dynamics and child outcomes: An overview of research and open questions. European Journal of Population 33(2): 163–184.
Harvey, E. (1999). Short-term and long-term effects of early parental employment on children of the national longitudinal survey of youth. Developmental Psychology 35(2): 445–459.
Heinrich, C. (2014). Parents’ employment and children’s wellbeing. The Future of Children 24(1): 121–146.
Hernán, M.A. and Robins, J.M. (2019). Causal inference. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC.
Hill, J., Waldfogel, J., Brooks-Gunn, J., and Han, W. (2005). Maternal employment and child development: A fresh look using newer methods. Developmental Psychology 41(6): 833–850.
Innes, D. (2020). What has driven the rise of in-work poverty? York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
J.A., Seltzer (2000). Families formed outside of marriage. Journal of Marriage and Family 62(4): 1247–1268.
Jackson, M.I., Kiernan, K., and McLanahan, S. (2017). Maternal education, changing family circumstances, and children’s skill development in the United States and the UK. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences 674: 59–84.
Jappens, M. and Van Bavel, J. (2019). Relationships with grandparents and grandchildren’s well-being after parental divorce. European Sociological Review 35(6): 757–771.
Kalil, A. and Ziol-Guest, K.M. (2005). Single mothers’ employment dynamics and adolescent well-being. Child Development 76(1): 196–211.
Karlson, K.B., Holm, A., and Breen, R. (2012). Comparing regression coefficients between same-sample nested models using logit and probit: A new method. Sociological Methodology 42(1): 286–313.
Katikireddi, S.V., Molaodi, O.R., Gibson, M., Dundas, R., and Craig, P. (2018). Effects of restrictions to Income Support on health of lone mothers in the UK: A natural experiment study. The Lancet Public Health 3(7): 333–340.
Kiernan, K. (1996). Lone-motherhood, employment and outcomes for children. International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 10(3): 233–249.
Kim, H.S. (2011). Consequences of parental divorce for child development. American Sociological Review 76(3): 487–511.
Kohler, U., Karlson, K.B., and Holm, A. (2011). Comparing coefficients of nested nonlinear probability models. The Stata Journal 11(3): 420–438.
Kühhirt, M. and Klein, M. (2018). Early maternal employment and children’s vocabulary and inductive reasoning ability: A dynamic approach. Child Development 89(2): 91–106.
Kulik, N., Skopek, J., Triventi, M., and Blossfeld, H.P. (2019). Social background and children’s cognitive skills: The role of early childhood education and care in a cross-national perspective. Annual Review of Sociology 45: 557–579.
Law, C., Hope, S., Petticrew, M., Roberts, H., and Whitehead, M. (2014). In what circumstances can parental employment improve child health? Final report. London: Public Health Research Consortium.
Lucas-Thompson, R., Goldberg, W., and Prause, J. (2010). Maternal work early in the lives of children and its distal association with achievement and behavioural problems: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin 136(6): 915–942.
Maccoby, J. (2000). Parenting and its effects on children: On reading and misreading behavior genetics. Annual Review of Psychology 51(1): 1–27.
Mariani, E., Ӧzcan, B., and Goisis, A. (2017). Family trajectories and wellbeing of children born to lone mothers in UK. European Journal of Population 33(2): 185–215.
McLanahan, S. (2004). Diverging destinies: how children are faring under the second demographic transitions. Demography 41(4): 607–627.
McLanahan, S. and Percheski, C. (2008). Family Structure and the Reproduction of Inequalities. Annual Review of Sociology 34: 257–276.
McLanahan, S. and Sandefur, G. (1994). Growing up with a single parent. What hurts, what helps. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
McLanahan, S., Tach, L., and Schneider, D. (2013). The causal effect of father absence. Annual Review of Sociology 39: 399–427.
McLoyd, V.C. (1990). The impact of economic hardship on Black families and children: Psychological distress, parenting, and socioemotional development. Child Development 61(2): 311–346.
Meltzer, H., Gatward, R., Goodman, R., and Ford, T. (2000). The mental health of children and adolescents in Great Britain. London: Office for National Statistics.
Millar, J. (2000). Lone-parents and the New Deal. Policy Studies 21(4): 333–345.
Millar, J. and Ridge, T. (2009). Relationships of care: Working lone-mothers, their children and employment sustainability. Journal of Social Policy 38(1): 1–19.
Miller, A.R. (2011). The effects of motherhood timing on career path. Journal of Population Economics 24(3): 1071–1100.
Minnotte, K. (2012). Family structure, gender, and the work-family interface: Work to family conflict among single and partnered parents. Journal of Family and Economic Issues 33(1): 95–107.
Mood, C. (2010). Logistic regression: why we cannot do what we think we can do, and what we can do about it. European Sociological Review 26(1): 67–82.
National Records of Scotland (2013). Census: Key Results on Households and Families, and Method of Travel to Work or Study in Scotland ‒ Release 2C.
Nores, M. and Barnett, W.S. (2010). Benefits of early childhood interventions across the world: (under) investing in the very young. Economics of Education Review 29(2): 271–282.
Perry-Jenkins, M. and Gillman, S. (2000). Parental job experiences and children’s wellbeing: The case of two-parent and single-mother working-class families. Journal of Family and Economic Issues 21(2): 123–147.
Raver, C.C. (2003). Does work pay psychologically as well as economically? The role of employment in predicting depressive symptoms and parenting among low-income families. Child Development 74(6): 1720–1736.
Ruhm, C. (2004). Parental employment and child cognitive development’. Journal of Human Resources 39(1): 155–192.
Ruiz, S.A. and Silverstein, M. (2007). Relationships with grandparents and the emotional well-being of late adolescent and young adult grandchildren. Journal of Social Issues 63(4): 793–808.
Sadruddin, A.F.A., Ponguta, L.A., Zonderman, A.L., Wiley, K.S., Grimshaw, A., and Panter-Brick, C. (2019). How do grandparents influence child health and development? A systematic review. Social Science and Medicine 239: 1–32.
Salmon, C., Cuthbertson, A.M., and Figueredo, A.J. (2016). The relationship between birth order and prosociality: an evolutionary perspective. Personality and Individual Differences 96: 18–22.
ScotCen (2015). Growing up in Scotland Sweep 5 –2009/2010. User guide. Edinburgh: Scottish Centre for Social Research.
ScotCen (2018). Growing up in Scotland: Birth cohort 2, Sweep 3. User guide. Edinburgh: Scottish Centre for Social Research.
Scott, E.K., London, A.S., and Hurst, A. (2005). Instability in patchworks of childcare when moving from welfare to work. Journal of Marriage and Family 67(2): 370–386.
Shonkoff, J.P. and Phillips, D.A. (2000). From neurons to neighbourhood: The science of early childhood development. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press.
Strazdins, L., Clements, M.S., Korda, R.J., Broom, D.H., and D’Souza, R.M. (2006). Unsociable work? Nonstandard work schedules, family relationships, and children’s wellbeing. Journal of Marriage and Family 68(2): 394–410.
Strazdins, L., Shipley, M., Clements, M., Obrien, L.V., and Broom, D. H. (2010). Job quality and inequality: Parents’ jobs and children’s emotional and behavioural difficulties. Social Science and Medicine 70: 2052–2060.
Taulbut, M., David, M., Egan, J., Gibson, M., Scobie, G., and Campbell, S. (2016). Lone-parents in Scotland: Work, income and child health; in-work progression; and the geography of lone-parenthood. Edinburgh: NHS Scotland.
Thomson, E., Hanson, T.L., and McLanahan, S. (1994). Family structure and child well-being: Economic resources vs. parental behaviors. Social Forces 73(1): 221–242.
Thomson, E. and McLanahan, S. (2012). Reflections on ‘Family structure and child well-being: Economic resources vs. parental socialization’. Social Forces 91(1): 45–53.
Treanor, M. (2018). Income poverty, material deprivation and lone-parenthood. In: Nieuwenhuis, R. and Maldonad, L.C. (eds.). The triple bind of single-parent families. Resources, employment and policies to improve wellbeing. Bristol: Bristol University Press: 81–100.
Waldfogel, J. (1997). The effect of children on women’s wages. American Sociological Review 62(2): 209–217.
Waldfogel, J., Han, W., and Brooks-Gunn, J. (2002). The effects of early maternal employment on child development. Demography 39(2): 369–392.
Ware, J.E., Snow, K.K., Kosinski, M., and Gandek, B. (1993). SF-36® health survey manual and interpretation guide. Boston: New England Medical Center, The Health Institute.
Winship, C. and Mare, R.D. (1984). Regression models with ordinal variable. American Sociological Review 49(4): 512–525.
Yoshikawa, H., Weisner, T.S., and Lowe, E.D. (2006). Making it work: Low-wage employment, family life, and child development. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.