References

Subjective expectations in the context of HIV/AIDS in Malawi
Adeline Delavande, Hans-Peter Kohler
Demographic Research, Volume 20, Article 31

Agbinya, J. (2004). Computer Board Games of Africa: Algorithms, Strategies & Rules. South Africa: University of the Western Cape (Working Paper).
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Aggleton, P., O'Reilly, K., Slutkin, G., and Davies, P. (1994). Risking Everything? Risk Behavior, Behavior Change, and AIDS. Science 265(5170): 341-345. [ doi:10.1126/science.8023156 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Ajzen, I. and Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behaviour. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Akwara, P., Madise, N.J., and Hinde, A. (2003). Perception of Risk of HIV/AIDS and Sexual Behavior in Kenya. Journal of Biosocial Science 35: 385-411. [ doi:10.1017/S0021932003003857 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Anglewicz, P., Adams, J., Obare, F., Watkins, S., and Kohler, H.P. (2009). The Malawi Diffusion and Ideational Change Project 2004-06: Data Collection, Data Quality and Analyses of Attrition. Demographic Research 20(21): 503-540. [ doi:10.4054/DemRes.2009.20.21 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Anglewicz, P. and Kohler, H.P. (2009). Overestimating HIV Infection: The Construction and Accuracy of Subjective Probabilities of HIV Infection in Rural Malawi. Demographic Research 20(6): 65-96. [ doi:10.4054/DemRes.2009.20.6 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Attanasio, O., Meghir, C., and Vera-Hernánde, M. (2005). Elicitation, Validation, and Use of Probability Distributions of Future Income in Developing Countries. University College London (Unpublished working paper). [ http://eswc2005.econ.ucl.ac.uk/pa-pers/ESWC/2005/1678/expectations1.pdf ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Auld, M.C. (2003). Choices, beliefs, and infectious disease dynamics. Journal of Health Economics 22(3): 361-377. [ doi:10.1016/S0167-6296(02)00103-0 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Bicego, G. (1997). Estimating adult mortality rates in the context of the AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa: Analysis of DHS sibling histories. Health Transition Review 7(S2): 7-22.
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Blacker, J. (2004). The impact of AIDS on adult mortality: evidence from national and regional statistics. AIDS 18(Supplement 2): 19-26.
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Bracher, M., Santow, G., and Watkins, S.C. (2004). Assessing the Potential for Condoms to Prevent the Spread of HIV: A Case Study From Rural Malawi. Studies in Family Planning 35(1): 48-64. [ doi:10.1111/j.1728-4465.2004.00005.x ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Bruine de Bruin, W., Fischhoff, B., Millstein, S., and Halpern-Felsher, L. (2000). Verbal and Numerical Expressions of Probability: `It's a Fifty-Fifty Chance'. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 81: 115-131. [ doi:10.1006/obhd.1999.2868 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Cerwonka, E.R., Isbell, T.R., and Hansen, C.E. (2000). Psychosocial Factors as Predictors of Unsafe Sexual Practices Among Young Adults. AIDS Education and Prevention 12(2): 141-153.
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Chimbiri, A. (2007). The condom is an Intruder in Marriage: Evidence from rural Malawi. Social Science and Medicine 64(5): 1102-1115. [ doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.10.012 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Delavande, A., Gine, X., and McKenzie, D. (2008). Measuring Subjective Expectations in Developing Countries: A Critical Review and New Evidence. (CEPR Working paper WPS4824).
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Delavande, A. and Willis, R.J. (2007). Managing the Risk of Life. Michigan Retirement Research Center (Working Paper 2007-167). [ http://ssrn.com/abstract=1082051 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Delavande, A. (2004). Probabilistic Expectations about Birth Control: Results from a Pilot Study in Ghana. Universidade Nova de Lisboa (Unpublished manuscript).
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Delavande, A. (2008). Pill, Patch or Shot? Subjective Expectations and Birth Control Choice. International Economic Review 49(3): 999-1042. [ doi:10.1111/j.1468-2354.2008.00504.x ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Delavande, Adeline and Rohwedder, S. (2008). Differential Mortality in Europe and the US: Estimates Based on Subjective Probabilities of Survivals and Validation. (RAND Working Paper Series No1 WR-613). [ http://ssrn.com/abstract=1265705 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Doctor, H.V. and Weinreb, A.A. (2003). Estimation of AIDS adult mortality by verbal autopsy in rural Malawi. AIDS 17(17): 2509-2513. [ doi:10.1097/00002030-200311210-00014 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Doctor, H.V. (2001). Decomposing the Changes in Life Expectancy at Birth in Malawi between 1966 and 1998. Philadelphia, PA: Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania (Unpublished working paper). [ http://www.malawi.pop.upenn.edu ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Dominitz, J. and Manski, C.F. (1996). Eliciting Student Expectations of the Returns to Schooling. Journal of Human Resources 31(1): 1-26. [ doi:10.2307/146041 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Dominitz, J. and Manski, C.F. (1997). Using Expectations Data to study Subjective Income Distribution. Journal of the American Statistical Association 87: 855-867. [ doi:10.2307/2965550 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Dominitz, J. and Manski, C.F. (2004). How Should We Measure Consumer Confidence? Journal of Economic Perspectives 18(2): 51-66. [ doi:10.1257/0895330041371303 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Dominitz, J. and Manski, C.F. (2005). Measuring and Interpreting Expectations of Equity Returns. (NBER Working Paper No1 11313). [ http://www.nber.org ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Dominitz, J. and Manski, C.F. (2007). Expected Equity Returns and Portfolio Choice: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study. Journal of the European Economic Association 5(2-3): 369-379. [ doi:10.1162/jeea.2007.5.2-3.369 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Erdem, T., Keane, M., and Strebel, J. (2005). Learning About Computers: An Analysis of Information Search and Technology Choice. Quantitative Marketing and Economics 3: 207-247. [ doi:10.1007/s11129-005-0269-7 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Erkut, S. (1983). Exploring Sex Differences in Expectancy, Attribution, and Academic Achievement. Sex Roles 9(2): 217-231. [ doi:10.1007/BF00289625 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

European Commission (2005). Emergency assistance to the vulnerable groups suffering from food shortages in Malawi [electronic resource]. [ http://ec.europa.eu/echo/pdf\_files/decisions/2005/dec\_malawi\_01000.pdf ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

FAO (2007). Mixed prospects for the 2007 cereal crops in Southern Africa. FAO/GIEWS Global Watch, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. [ http://www.fao.org/giews/english/shortnews/Southern\_Africa.pdf ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Fischhoff, B., Parker, A., Bruine de Bruin, W., Downs, J., Palmgren, C., Dawes, R., and Manski, C.F. (2000). Teen Expectations of Significant Life Events. Public Opinion Quarterly 64(2): 189-205. [ doi:10.1086/317762 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Fisher, J.D. and Fisher, W.A. (1992). Changing AIDS risk behaviors. Psychological Bulletin 111(3): 455-474. [ doi:10.1037/0033-2909.111.3.455 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Gouws, E., White, P.J., Stover, J., and Brown, T. (2005). Short term estimates of adult HIV incidence by mode of transmission: Kenya and Thailand as examples. Sexually Transmitted Infections 82(Supplement 3): 51-55. [ doi:10.1136/sti.2006.020164 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Grether, D.M. (1980). Bayes rule as a descriptive model: The representativeness heuristic. Quarterly Journal of Economics 95(3): 537-557. [ doi:10.2307/1885092 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Hill, R. (2006). The Role of Risk in Shaping Production Decisions: An Application to Coffee Farmers in Uganda. Oxford University (Working Paper).
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Hurd, M.D. and McGarry, K. (1995). Evaluation of the Subjective Probabilities of Survival in the Health and Retirement Study. Journal of Human Resources 30: S268-S292. [ doi:10.2307/146285 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Hurd, M.D. and McGarry, K. (2002). The Predictive Validity of Subjective Probabilities of Survival. Economic Journal 112(482): 268-292. [ doi:10.1111/1468-0297.00065 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Hurd, Michael D., Smith, J., and Zissimopoulos, J. (2004). The Effects of Subjective Survival on Retirement and Social Security Claiming. Journal of Applied Econometrics 19(6): 761-775. [ doi:10.1002/jae.752 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Kahneman, D. and Tversky, A. (1982). Subjective probability: A judgment of representativeness. In: Kahneman, D. , Slovic, P. , and Tversky, A. (eds.). Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

King, G., Murray, C.J.L., Salomon, J.A., and Tandon, A. (2004). Enhancing the Validity and Cross-cultural Comparability of Measurement in Survey Research. American Political Science Review 98(1): 191-207. [ doi:10.1017/S000305540400108X ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Kremer, M. (1996). Interacting Behavioral Choice and Epidemiological Models of AIDS. Quarterly Journal of Economics 111(2): 549-573. [ doi:10.2307/2946687 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Lichtenstein, S., Slovic, P., Fischhoff, B., Layman, M., and Combs, B. (2008). Judged frequency of lethal events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 4(6): 551-578. [ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.4.6.551 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Lillard, L. and Willis, R. (2001). Cognition and Wealth: The Importance of Probabilistic Thinking. Michigan Retirement Research Center (Research Paper No1 WP 2001-007). [ http://ssrn.com/abstract=1084559 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Lochner, L. (2007). Individual Perceptions of the Criminal Justice System. American Economic Review 97(1): 444-460. [ doi:10.1257/aer.97.1.444 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Luseno, W., McPeak, J., Barrett, C., Gebru, G., and Little, P. (2003). Assessing the Value of Climate Forecast Information for Pastoralists: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia and Northern Kenya. World Development 31(9): 1477-1494. [ doi:10.1016/S0305-750X(03)00113-X ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Lybbert, T., Barrett, C., McPeak, J., and Luseno, W. (2007). Bayesian herders: Asymmetric Updating of Rainfall Beliefs in Response to External Forecasts. World Development 35(3): 480-497. [ doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.04.004 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Malawi DHS (2000). Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2000. Malawi National Statistical Office and ORC Macro. [ http://www.measuredhs.com ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Malawi DHS (2004). Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2004. Malawi National Statistical Office and ORC Macro. [ http://www.measuredhs.com ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Manski, Charles F. (2004). Measuring Expectations. Econometrica 72(5): 1329-1376. [ doi:10.1111/j.1468-0262.2004.00537.x ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

McKenzie, David, Gibson, John, and Stillman, Steven (2006). A land of milk and honey with streets paved with gold: Do emigrants have over-optimistic expectations about incomes abroad? World Bank Policy Research (Working Paper No. 4141). [ http://ssrn.com/abstract=964803 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Miller, K., Zulu, E., and Watkins, S.C. (2001). Husband-wife Survey Responses in Malawi. Studies in Family Planning 32(2): 161-174. [ doi:10.1111/j.1728-4465.2001.00161.x ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Montgomery, M.R. (1998). Learning and Lags in Mortality Perceptions. In: Montgomery, M.R. and Cohen, B. (eds.). From Death to Birth: Mortality Decline and Reproductive Change. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Mura, R. (1987). Sex-related Differences in Expectations of Success in Undergraduate Mathematics. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 18(1): 15-24. [ doi:10.2307/749533 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Nyarko, Y. and Schotter, A. (2002). An Experimental Study of Belief Learning Using Elicited Beliefs. Econometrica 70(3): 971-1005. [ doi:10.1111/1468-0262.00316 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Obare, F., Fleming, P., Anglewicz, P., Thornton, R., Martinson, F., Kapatuka, A., Poulin, M., Watkins, S.C., and Kohler, H.P. (2009). Acceptance of Repeat Population-based Voluntary Counseling and Testing for HIV in Rural Malawi. Sexually Transmitted Infections 85(2): 139-144. [ doi:10.1136/sti.2008.030320 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Obare, F. (2006). The Effect of Non-response on Population-Based HIV Prevalence Estimates: The Case of Rural Malawi. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Population Association of America, Los Angeles, CA, March 30-April 2, 2006. [ http://paa2006.princeton.edu ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Oster, E. (2007). HIV and sexual behavior change: Why not Africa. (NBER Working Paper \#13049). [ http://www.nber.org ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Philipson, T.J. and Posner, R.A. (1993). Private Choices and Public Health: The AIDS Epidemic in an Economic Perspective. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Pinkerton, S.D., Wagner-Raphael, L.I., Craun, C.A., and Abramson, P.R. (2000). A Quantitative Study of the Accuracy of College Students' HIV Risk Estimates. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research 5(1): 1-25. [ doi:10.1111/j.1751-9861.2000.tb00061.x ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Prata, N., Morris, L., Mazive, E., Vahidnia, F., and Stehr, M. (2006). Relationship Between HIV Risk Perception and Condom Use: Evidence from a Population-Based Survey in Mozambique. International Family Planning Perspectives 32(4): 192-200. [ doi:10.1363/3219206 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Rogers, E.M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations. New York: Free Press.
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Salomon, J.A., Tandon, A., and Murray, C.J.L. (2004). Comparability of self rated health: cross sectional multi-country survey using anchoring vignettes. British Medical Journal 328(7434): 258. [ doi:10.1136/bmj.37963.691632.44 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Santos, P. and Barrett, C. (2006). Heterogeneous Wealth Dynamics: On the Roles of Risk and Ability. Cornell University (Unpublished Working Paper). [ http://ssrn.com/abstract=998549 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Tharawan, K., Manopaiboon, C., Ellertson, C.E., Limpakarnjanarat, K., Kilmarxa, P.H., Coggins, C., Chaikummao, S., Mastro, T.D., and Eliasa, C.J. (2003). Knowledge and perceptions of HIV among peripartum women and among men whose wives are of reproductive age, northern Thailand. Contraception 68(1): 47-53. [ doi:10.1016/S0010-7824(03)00112-4 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Tversky, A. and Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Science 185(4157): 1124-1131. [ doi:10.1126/science.185.4157.1124 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

UNAIDS (1999). Sexual Behavioral Change for HIV: Where Have Theories Taken us? Geneva: United Nations. [ http://www.unaids.org ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

UNAIDS (2006). Report on the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. New York: World Health Organization and UNAIDS. [ http://www.unaids.org ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

United Nations (2007). World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision. Data Sets from the Extended CD-ROM. New York: United Nations, Population Division, Population Estimates and Projections Section.
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Urassa, M., Boerma, J.T., Isingo, R., Ngalula, J., Ng'weshemi, J., Mwaluko, G., and Zaba, B. (2001). The impact of HIV/AIDS on mortality and household mobility in rural Tanzania. AIDS 15(15): 2017-2023. [ doi:10.1097/00002030-200110190-00015 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

USAID (2005). Malawi Food Security Update February 2005. [ http://v4.fews.net/docs/Publications/Malawi_200501en.pdf ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

USAID (2005). Malawi Food Security Update July 2005. [ http://v4.fews.net/docs/Publications/Malawi_200506en.pdf ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

van de Ruit, C. and Vandemoortele, M. (2005). Socio-economic consequences of AIDS: A qualitative study in rural Malawi. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (Unpublished working paper).
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Watkins, S., Behrman, J.R., Kohler, H.P., and Zulu, E.M. (2003). Introduction to ''Research on Demographic Aspects of HIV/AIDS in Rural Africa''. Demographic Research SC 1(1): 1-30. [ doi:10.4054/DemRes.2003.S1.1 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Weinreb, A.A. (2006). Substitution and Substitutability: The Effects of Kin Availability on Intergenerational Transfers in Malawi. In: Gauthier, A.H., Chu, C., and Tuljapurkar, S. (eds.). Riding The Age Waves: The Distribution of Resources Across Generations. Berlin: Springer Verlag: 13-38 (International Studies in Population).
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]

Zaba, B., Whiteside, A., and Boerma, J.T. (2004). Demographic and socioeconomic impact of AIDS: taking stock of the empirical evidence. AIDS 18(Supplement 2): S1-S7. [ doi:10.1097/00002030-200406002-00001 ]
[ Download reference in RIS | BibTeX format ]