Important notes on replicablity of the paper: a) We exploit a pension database drawn from an administrative archive held by the main Italian social security institution, "Istituto Nazionale Previdenza Sociale" (INPS). This data reports pensions paid by INPS since its establishment in 1933 up to and including 2001. b) These are restriced data and we do have the rights to publish them c) With the files provided in this folder, one can replicate model predictions, see Figures 2 and 3. In addition, the full set of Stata codes (.do files) which we implemented to obtain paper main results, as well as corresponing Stata output (.log) files are included in this folder. The reader can particularly benefit from the ad-hoc Stata/Mata routines to estimate non standard free knots spline Cox models ("mycox_mata"). List of enclosed files: 1 - "dur_dataprep.do": it prepares the final estimation sample for males starting from raw INPS data. "dur_dataprep.log" disaplys Stata output. 2 - "dur_models_subperiod1.do" (and "dur_models_subperiod1.log"): it selects the male sample for the period January 1979 - December 1990 ("the 1980s"). For this sample, it reproduces: a) descriptive statistics (Table 2); b) statistical tests of standard Cox models (Table B1 Appendix B) 3 - "dur_models_subperiod2.do" (and "corresponding .log"): same as pont 2, but for the period January 1991 - December 2000 ("the 1990s") 4 - "mycox_mata.do": it reports Stata routines to estimate free knots spline models with 2 knots, spec. a and b (Table 3) 5 - "mycox_mata_output.txt": it reports Stata estimation output for the 4 models reported in Table 3 6 - "graphs_2_3.do": it prepares 4 datasets (s1_k2 s2_k2 s1_k2_ares s2_k2_area, included) from which one can reproduce models predictions of Figures 2 and 3. Stata files were created using Version 12 and may not be compatible with earlier versions.