TY  - JOUR
A1  - Noymer, Andrew
A1  - Van, Viola
T1  - Divergence without decoupling: Male and female life expectancy usually co-move
Y1  - 2014/12/18
JF  - Demographic Research
JO  - Demographic Research
SN  - 1435-9871
SP  - 1503
EP  - 1524
DO  - 10.4054/DemRes.2014.31.51
VL  - 31
IS  - 51
UR  - https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol31/51/
L1  - https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol31/51/31-51.pdf
L2  - https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol31/51/31-51.pdf
L3  - https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol31/51/files/readme.31-51.txt
L3  - https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol31/51/files/demographic-research.31-51.zip
N2  - Background: Divergence of male and female life expectancy is a well-documented phenomenon. Co-movement is a heretofore-neglected aspect of changes in male and female mortality. 

Objective: We develop a new framework for life expectancy sex differentials in time series, using
co-movement/anti-movement and convergence/divergence. 

Methods: We apply this framework to the Human Mortality Database (HMD), assessing co-movement
between male and female life expectancy with the nonparametric test of Goodman
and Grunfeld (1961). 

Results: For every country in the HMD (except three with short spans of data), male and female
mortality statistically co-move. This applies even in cases, including ones such as Russia
that are well-discussed in the literature, that show extreme divergence between the
sexes. The results are reasonably robust to subsetting with a 25-year time-window for all
countries. 

Conclusions: Male and female life expectancy co-move even when the life expectancy sex differential
increases. The sex divergence in life expectancy needs to be (re-)considered in light of
the fact that male and female life expectancy usually co-move, reflecting overall societal
factors. 

ER  -