@article{Johnson_32_38,
author = {Johnson, Kenneth M. and Winkler, Richelle L.},
title={{Migration signatures across the decades: Net migration by age in U.S. counties, 1950-2010}},
journal = {Demographic Research},
volume = {32},
number = {38},
pages = {1065--1080},
doi = {10.4054/DemRes.2015.32.38},
year = {2015},
abstract = {Background: Migration is the primary population redistribution process in the United States. Selective migration by age, race/ethnic group, and spatial location governs population integration, affects community and economic development, contributes to land use change, and structures service needs. 

Objective: Delineate historical net migration patterns by age, race/ethnic, and rural-urban dimensions for United States counties. 

Methods: Net migration rates by age for all US counties are aggregated from 1950−2010, summarized by rural-urban location and compared to explore differential race/ethnic patterns of age-specific net migration over time. 

Results: We identify distinct age-specific net migration ‘signatures’ that are consistent over time within county types, but different by rural-urban location and race/ethnic group. There is evidence of moderate population deconcentration and diminished racial segregation between 1990 and 2010. This includes a net outflow of Blacks from large urban core counties to suburban and smaller metropolitan counties, continued Hispanic deconcentration, and a slowdown in White counterurbanization. 

Conclusions: This paper contributes to a fuller understanding of the complex patterns of migration that have redistributed the U.S. population over the past six decades. It documents the variability in county age-specific net migration patterns both temporally and spatially, as well as the longitudinal consistency in migration signatures among county types and race/ethnic groups. },
URL = {https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol32/38/},
eprint = {https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol32/38/32-38.pdf}
}