Volume 18 - Article 2 | Pages 27–58
Recent fertility decline in Eritrea: Is it a conflict-led transition?
References
Abbasi-Shavazi, M.J. (2001). Recent changes and the future of fertility in Iran.
Agadjanian, V. and Ndola, P. (2002). War, peace, and fertility in Angola. Demography 39(2): 215-231.
Andersson, G. (1999b). Childbearing trends in Sweden, 1961-1997. European Journal of Population 15: 1-24.
Andersson, G. (1999a). Trends in Childbearing and Nuptiality in Sweden: A Period Analysis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Stockholm: Stockholm University, Demography Unit.
Avogo, W. and Agadjanian, V. (2007). Reproduction in crisis: war, migration and fertility in Angola. Paper presented at the Population Association of America 2007 Annual Meeting Program, New York, March 29-31, 2007.
Balk, D. (1994). Individual and community aspects of women’s status and fertility in rural Bangladesh. Population Studies 48(1): 21-45.
Basu, A.M. and Amin, S. (2000). Conditioning factors for fertility decline in Bengal: History, language identity and openness to innovations. Population and Development Review 26(4): 761-794.
Blanc, A.K. (2004). The role of conflict in the rapid fertility decline in Eritrea and prospects for the future. Studies in Family Planning 35(4): 236-245.
Blanc, A.K. and Rutenberg, N. (1990). Assessment of the qualitative of data at first sex, age at first marriage and age at first birth. Demographic and Health Surveys. In Assessment of DHS-I Data Quality. Columbia, Maryland (DHS Methodological Reports 1).
Bongaarts, J. (1978). A Framework for analyzing the proximate determinants of fertility. Population and Development Review 4(1): 105-132.
Bongaarts, J., Frank, O., and Lesthaeghe, R. (1984). The proximate determinants of fertility in sub-Saharan Africa. Population and Development Review 10(3): 511-537.
Bongaarts, J. and Potter, R.G. (1983). Fertility, Biology and Behavior: An Analysis of the Proximate Determinants. New York and London: Academic Press.
Boserup, E. (1985). Economic and Demographic Interrelationships in sub-Sahara Africa. Population and Development Review 11(3): 383-397.
Bulatao, R. and Casterline, J. (eds.) (2001). Global Fertility Transition. New York: Population Council (Vol 27: 1-16).
Busza, J. and Lush, L. (1999). Planning reproductive health in conflict: a conceptual framework. Social Science and Medicine 49(2): 155-171.
Caldwell, J.C. and Caldwell, P. (1985). The cultural forces tending to sustain high fertility in tropical Africa. Washington DC: World Bank, Population, Health and Nutrition Department (PNH Technical Note, 66pp.).
CEPED (The French Center for Population and Development) (1998). Crisis and Demographic Transition in Africa. The CEPED NEWS 2: 1-5 (Paris).
Chaudhury, R.H., Zaman, W., and Kari, Y.B. (2003). Impact of conflict on health including reproductive health in Nepal and Sri Lanka. Paper presented at the IUSSP Seminar on the Demography of Conflict and Violence, Oslo, Norway, November 8-11, 2003.
Cleland, J. (2001). The effects of Improved survival on fertility: A reassessment. Population and Development Review 27(Supplement: Global Fertility Transition): 60-92.
Cleland, J. and Wilson, C. (1987). Demand theories of the fertility decline: An iconoclastic view. Population Studies 41(1): 5-30.
Eloundou-Enyegue, P., Stokes, C.S., and Cornwell, G.T. (2000). Are there crisis-led fertility declines? Evidence from central Cameroon. Population Research and Policy Review 19(1): 47-72.
Fargues, P. (2000). Protracted national conflict and fertility change: Palestinians and Israelis in the twentieth century. Population and Development Review 26(3): 441-481.
Freedman, R., Xiao, X., Bohua, L., and Lavely, W.R. (1988). Education and fertility in two Chinese provinces: 1967-70 to 1979-82. Asia Pacific Population Journal 3(1): 3-29.
GSE (The Government of the State of Eritrea) and UNICEF (2001). Towards Realizing Child Rights in Eritrea: An Analysis of the Situation of Children and Women. Asmara.
Hill, K. (2004). War, Humanitarian crisis, population displacement and fertility: A review of evidence. In: Roundtable on the demography of forced migration. New York: Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University.
Hinde, P.A. and Mturi, A.J. (2000). Recent trends in Tanzanian Fertility. Population Studies 54(2): 177-191.
Hindin, M.J. (2000). Women’s autonomy, women’s status and fertility-related behavior in Zimbabwe. Population Research and Policy Review 19(3): 255-283.
Hoem, J.M. (1993). Classical demographic methods of analysis and modern event-history techniques. Paper presented at the IUSSP: 22nd International Population Conference, Montreal, Canada (Volume 3: 281-291).
Hoem, J.M. (1991). La standardisation indirecte améliorée et son application à la divortialité en Suède (1971-1989). Population 46: 1551-1568.
Holck, S.E. and Cates, W. (1982). Fertility and Population Dynamics in two Kampuchean Refugee Camps. Studies in Family Planning 13(4): 118-124.
Innocent, N. (2001). Socio-economic factors associated with pre-marital childbearing and adolescents’ age at first motherhood. Paper presented at the XXIV IUSSP General Population Conference, Salvador, Brazil, August 18-24, 2001.
Institute for Resource Development (IRD) (1990). An Assessment of DHS-I Data Quality. Columbia, Maryland: IRD/Macro Systems, Inc. (DHS Methodological Reports 1).
Khlat, M., Deeb, M., and Courbage, Y. (1997). Fertility levels and differentials in Beirut during wartime: An indirect estimation based on maternity registers. Population Studies 51(1): 85-92.
Knodel, J. and Pitaktepsombati, P. (1973). Thailand: Fertility and Family Planning among rural and urban women. Studies in Family Planning 4(9): 229-255.
Lee, R.D. (1997). Population dynamics: Equilibrium, disequilibrium, and consequences of fluctuations. In: Rosenzweig, M.R. and Stark, O. (eds.). Handbook of Population and Family Economics. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science B.V. (Vol. 1B).
Lesthaeghe, R. (1989). Social Organization, economic crisis, and the future of fertility control in Africa. In: Lesthaeghe, R. (ed.). Reproductive and Social Organization in sub-Saharan Africa. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press: 475-505.
Lindstrom, D.P. and Berhanu, B. (1999). The impact of war, famine, and economic decline on marital fertility in Ethiopia. Demography 36(2): 247-261.
Lindstrom, D.P. and Kiros, G. (2007). The impact of infant and child death on subsequent fertility in Ethiopia. Population Research and Policy Review 26(1): 31-49.
Luther, N.Y. and Pejaranonda, C. (1991). The parity structure of fertility decline in Thailand, 1953-1979. Genus XLVII(1-2): 63-88.
Martin, T. (1995). Women’s education and fertility: Results from 26 Demographic and Health Surveys. Studies in Family Planning 36(4): 187-202.
Martin, T. and Juarez, F. (1995). The impact of women’s education on fertility in Latin America: Search for explanation. International Family Planning Perspective 21(2): 52-57.
Marwan, K., Pedersen, J.M., and Randall, S. (2003). The intifada, Palestinian fertility and education. Paper presented at the IUSSP seminar on the Demography of conflict and violence, Oslo, Norway, November 8-11, 2003.
Mason, K.O. (1993). The impact of women’s position on demographic changes during the course of development. In: Federici, N., Mason, K.O., and Sogner, S. (eds.). Women’s Position and Demographic Change. Oxford: Clarendon Press: 19-42.
McGinn, T. (2000). Reproductive health of war-affected populations: what do we know? International Family Planning Perspectives 26(4): 174-180.
Ministry of Education (ed.) (2002). Eritrea: Essential Education Indicators 2001/02. Asmara, Eritrea: Ministry of Education (pp. 1-39).
Montgomery, M.R. and Casterline, J.B. (1998). Social networks and the diffusion of fertility control. New York: Population Council (Policy Research Division Working Paper 119).
Morgan, N. and Niraula, B. (1995). Gender inequality and fertility in two Nepali villages. Population and Development Review 21(3): 541-561.
Nair, S.N. (1996). Determinants of birth intervals in Kerala: An application of Cox’s hazard model. Genus LII(3-4): 47-65.
Njogu, W. and Martin, T.C. (1991). Fertility decline in Kenya: The role of training and spacing of births. In: Demographic and Health Surveys World Conference Vol. III. Washington, D.C., Columbia, Maryland: IRD/Macro International, Inc.
NSEO (National Statistics and Evaluation Office) and ORC Macro (1997). Eritrea Demographic and Health Survey 1995. Calverton, Maryland, USA.
NSEO (National Statistics and Evaluation Office) and ORC Macro (2003). Eritrea Demographic and Health Survey 2002. Calverton, Maryland, USA.
Palloni, A., Hill, K., and Pinto Aguirre, G. (1996). Economic Swings and Demographic Changes in the History of Latin America. Population Studies 50(1): 105-132.
Park, C.B., Ataharul, M., Chakraborty, N., and Kantner, A. (1998). Partitioning the effect of infant and child death on subsequent fertility: An exploration in Bangladesh. Population Studies 52(3): 345-356.
Peng, X. (1987). Demographic consequences of the Great leap forward in China’s Provinces. Population and Development Review 13(4): 639-670.
Rodriguez, G., Hobcraft, T., McDonald, J., Menken, J., and Trussell, J. (1984). A comparative analysis of determinants of birth intervals. WFS Comparative Studies. Voorburg, Netherlands: International Statistical Institute (30).
Rutenberg, N. and Diamond, I. (1993). Fertility in Botswana: The recent decline and future prospects. Demography 30(2): 143-157.
Santow, G. and Bracher, M.D. (1984). Child death and time to the next birth in Central Java. Population Studies 38(2): 241-253.
Sathar, Z., Crook, N., Callum, C., and Kazi, S. (1988). Women’s status and fertility change in Pakistan. Population and Development Review 14(3): 415-432.
UN (1987). Fertility Behaviour in the context of development: Evidence from the World Fertility Survey. Population Studies 100 ST/ESA/SERA/100.
UN (2002). United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) (2002-2006). Asmara, Eritrea.
Watkins, S. and Menken, J. (1985). Famines in historical perspective. Population and Development Review 11(4): 647-675.
Yang, Q. (1990). Age at first marriage and fertility in rural Anhui, China. Journal of Biosocial Science 22(2): 143-157.
Yavuz, S. (2006). Completing the fertility transition: Third birth developments by language groups in Turkey. Demographic Research 15(15): 435-460.