Volume 34 - Article 12 | Pages 359–372  

State-level variation in the imprisonment-mortality relationship, 2001−2010

By Christopher Wildeman, Margaret E. Noonan, Daniela Golinelli, E. Ann Carson, Natalia Emanuel

Abstract

Background: Most research on the imprisonment-mortality relationship has focused exclusively on non-Hispanic black males and non-Hispanic white males at the national level in the United States.

Objective: To document variation in this relationship across states by race/ethnicity and sex.

Methods: We estimate the crude and age-specific mortality rates of state prisoners and of the general population in 7−9 states. We also present the resulting standardized mortality ratios (SMRs).

Results: The results provide support for four key conclusions. First, although there is substantial cross-state variability in the mortality rates of male and female state prisoners, there is far more cross-state variability in the mortality rates of males and females in the general population. Second, the mortality advantage of male prisoners over males in the general population was larger than the mortality advantage of female prisoners over females in the general population. Third, relative to same-race and same-sex peers in the general population, black males experienced the largest mortality advantage across all of the states considered, and this advantage was often quite substantial. Finally, Hispanic female state prisoners in New York were the one group at a significant mortality disadvantage relative to the general population, although because of the small number of Hispanic female state prisoners who died over this period (20), further research testing the robustness of this finding to different time periods and places is sorely needed.

Conclusions: Although mortality disparities among prisoners are smaller than those found in the general population, research should consider how conditions of confinement affect the mortality of prisoners.

Author’s Affiliation

• Christopher Wildeman - Duke University, United States of America EMAIL
• Margaret E. Noonan - Bureau of Justice Statistics (BSJ), United States of America EMAIL
• Daniela Golinelli - RAND Corporation, United States of America EMAIL
• E. Ann Carson - RAND Corporation, United States of America EMAIL
• Natalia Emanuel - Princeton University, United States of America EMAIL

Other articles by the same author/authors in Demographic Research

Estimating and explaining ethnic disparities in the cumulative risk of paternal incarceration in Denmark
Volume 43 - Article 22

Cumulative risks of paternal and maternal incarceration in Denmark and the United States
Volume 32 - Article 57

Similar articles in Demographic Research

Bayesian multidimensional mortality reconstruction
Volume 54 - Article 28    | Keywords: Bayesian reconstruction, data lack, hierarchical modelling, mortality

Winter life expectancy reduction in Europe
Volume 54 - Article 26    | Keywords: Europe, excess winter deaths, excess winter mortality paradox, life expectancy, mortality, summer, weekly mortality data, winter

Bringing cause-of-death analysis into demography: An interview with France Meslé
Volume 54 - Article 24    | Keywords: causes of death, epidemiological transition, health transition, mortality, mortality data

Refining seasonal mortality estimates through age adjustment: Evidence from Serbia, 2015–2023
Volume 54 - Article 15    | Keywords: age adjustment, excess mortality, life expectancy, mortality, mortality estimates, seasonal fluctuations, Serbia

Feminicide as a determinant of Mexican female life expectancy in the 21st century
Volume 53 - Article 24    | Keywords: female life expectancy, feminicide, life expectancy, Mexico, mortality, violence, women