Volume 34 - Article 38 | Pages 1063–1074  

Convergence in male and female life expectancy: Direction, age pattern, and causes

By Benjamin Seligman, Gabi Greenberg, Shripad Tuljapurkar

References

Arias, Elizabeth (2012). United States life tables, 2008. National vital statistics reports 61(3) (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61\_03.pdf).

Download reference:

Armstrong, G L, Conn, L A, and Pinner, R W (1999). Trends in infectious disease mortality in the United States during the 20th century. Journal of the American Medical Association 281(1): 61-66 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9892452).

Weblink:
10.1001/jama.281.1.61
Download reference:

Edwards, Ryan D. and Tuljapurkar, Shripad (2005). Inequality in life spans and a new perspective on mortality convergence across industrialized countries. Population and Development Review 31(4): 645-674.

Weblink:
10.1111/j.1728-4457.2005.00092.x
Download reference:

Gouni-Berthold, Ioanna, Berthold, Heiner K, Mantzoros, Christos S, Böhm, Michael, and Krone, Wilhelm (2008). Sex disparities in the treatment and control of cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 31(7): 1389-1391.

Weblink:
10.2337/dc08-0194
Download reference:

Hyndman, Rob J, Booth, Heather, and Yasmeen, Farah (2013). Coherent mortality forecasting: The product-ratio method with functional time series models. Demography 50(1): 261-283.

Weblink:
10.1007/s13524-012-0145-5
Download reference:

Hyndman, Rob J and Khandakar, Yeasmin (2008). Automatic time series forecasting: The forecast package for R. Journal of Statistical Software 27(3): 1-22.

Weblink:
10.18637/jss.v027.i03
Download reference:

Lee, Ronald (1999). The Lee-Carter method for forecasting mortality, with various extensions and applications. North American Actuarial Journal 4(1): 80-93.

Weblink:
10.1080/10920277.2000.10595882
Download reference:

Lee, Ronald D and Carter, Lawrence R (1992). Modeling and forecasting U.S. mortality. Journal of the American Statistical Association 87(419): 659-671.

Weblink:
10.2307/2290204
Download reference:

Levi, F (2002). Trends in mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Europe and other areas of the world. Heart 88(2): 119-124.

Weblink:
10.1136/heart.88.2.119
Download reference:

Li, Nan and Gerland, Patrick (2012). Modifying the Lee-Carter method to project mortality changes up to 2100.

Download reference:

Li, Nan and Lee, Ronald Demos (2005). Coherent mortality forecasts for a group of populations: An extension of the Lee-Carter method. Demography 42(3): 575-594.

Weblink:
10.1353/dem.2005.0021
Download reference:

Li, Nan, Lee, Ronald, and Gerland, Patrick (2013). Extending the Lee-Carter method to model the rotation of age patterns of mortality decline for long-term projections. Demography 50(6): 2037-2051.

Weblink:
10.1007/s13524-013-0232-2
Download reference:

Olshansky, S J and Ault, A B (1986). The fourth stage of the epidemiologic transition: The age of delayed degenerative diseases. The Milbank Quarterly 64(3): 355-391 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3762504).

Weblink:
10.2307/3350025
Download reference:

Omran, A R (1971). The epidemiologic transition: A theory of the epidemiology of population change. The Milbank Quarterly 49(4): 509-38.

Weblink:
10.2307/3349375
Download reference:

Parikh, Nisha I, Gona, Philimon, Larson, Martin G, Fox, Caroline S, Benjamin, Emelia J, Murabito, Joanne M, O'Donnell, Christopher J, Vasan, Ramachandran S, and Levy, Daniel (2009). Long-term trends in myocardial infarction incidence and case fatality in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart study. Circulation 119(9): 1203-1210.

Weblink:
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.825364
Download reference:

Preston, Samuel H., Keyfitz, Nathan, and Schoen, Robert (1972). Causes of death: life tables for national population. Napier: Seminar Press.

Download reference:

Preston, Samuel H. and Wang, Haidong (2006). Sex mortality differences in the United States: The role of cohort smoking patterns. Demography 43(4): 631-646.

Weblink:
10.1353/dem.2006.0037
Download reference:

Preston, Samuel, Heuveline, Patrick, and Guillot, Michel (2001). Demography: Measuring and modeling population processes. Hoboken: Wiley.

Download reference:

R Core Team (2012). R: A language and environment for statistical computing.

Download reference:

Roger, Véronique L, Weston, Susan A, Gerber, Yariv, Killian, Jill M, Dunlay, Shannon M, Jaffe, Allan S, Bell, Malcolm R, Kors, Jan, Yawn, Barbara P, and Jacobsen, Steven J (2010). Trends in incidence, severity, and outcome of hospitalized myocardial infarction. Circulation 121(7): 863-869.

Weblink:
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.897249
Download reference:

RStudio (2012). RStudio : Integrated development environment for R [electronic resource]. Boston, MA.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Technical Panel on Assumptions and Methods (2011). Report to the Social Security Advisory Board. Washington, D.C.: Social Security Advisory Board.

Download reference:

Tuljapurkar, S, Li, N, and Boe, C (2000). A universal pattern of mortality decline in the G7 countries. Nature 405(6788): 789-792.

Weblink:
10.1038/35015561
Download reference:

Tuljapurkar, Shripad and Edwards, Ryan D (2011). Variance in death and its implications for modeling and forecasting mortality. Demographic Research 24(21): 497-526.

Weblink:
10.4054/DemRes.2011.24.21
Download reference:

University of California, Berkeley and Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (no year). Human mortality database [electronic resource].

Weblink:
www.mortality.org
Download reference:

Vaccarino, Viola, Rathore, Saif S, Wenger, Nanette K, Frederick, Paul D, Abramson, Jerome L, Barron, Hal V, Manhapra, Ajay, Mallik, Susmita, and Krumholz, Harlan M (2005). Sex and racial differences in the management of acute myocardial infarction, 1994 through 2002. New England Journal of Medicine 353(7): 671-682.

Weblink:
10.1056/NEJMsa032214
Download reference:

Wang, Haidong and Preston, Samuel H (2009). Forecasting United States mortality using cohort smoking histories. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106(2): 393-398.

Weblink:
10.1073/pnas.0811809106
Download reference:

Back to the article