Volume 34 - Article 7 | Pages 203–242
An implicit ambivalence-indifference dimension of childbearing desires in the National Survey of Family Growth
By Warren Miller, Jo Jones, David Pasta
References
Adler, N.E. (1992). Unwanted pregnancy and abortion: Definitional and research issues. Journal of Social Issues 48(3): 19–35.
Aiken, A.R.A (2015). A blessing I can’t afford: Factors underlying the paradox of happiness about unintended pregnancy. Social Science & Medicine 132(5): 149–155.
Alhusen, J.L. (2008). A literature update on maternal-fetal attachment. Journal of Obstetric Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing 37(3): 315–328.
Blake, S.M., Kiely, M., Gard, C.C., El-Mohandes, A.A.E., and El-Khorazaty, M.N. (2007). Pregnancy intentions and happiness among pregnant black women at risk for adverse infant health outcomes. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 39(4): 194–205.
Brandon, A.R., Pitts, S., Denton, W.H., Stringer, A., and Evans, H.M. (2009). A history of the theory of prenatal attachment. Journal of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Health 23(4): 201–222.
Cacioppo, J.T., Gardner, W.L., and Berntson, G.G. (1999). The affective system has parallel and integrative processing components: Form follows function. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76(5): 839–855.
Carroll, J. (2007).
Chibber, K.S., Biggs, M.A., Roberts, S.C.M., and Foster, D.G. (in press). The role of intimate partners in women’s reasons for seeking abortion. Women’s Health Issues 24(1): 131–138.
Crosby, R.A., DiClemente, R.J., Wingood, G.M., Davies, S.L., and Harrington, K. (2002). Adolescents’ ambivalence about becoming pregnant predicts infrequent contraceptive use: A prospective analysis of non-pregnant African American females. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 186(2): 251–252.
Daniels, K., Mosher, W.D., and Jones, J. (2013). Contraceptive methods women have ever used: United States, 1982–2010. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, National health statistics reports, No. 62.
East, P.L., Chien, N.C., and Barber, J.S. (2012). Adolescents’ pregnancy intentions, wantedness, and regret: Cross-lagged relations with mental health and harsh parenting. Journal of Marriage and Family 74(1): 167–185.
Finer, L.B. and Henshaw, S.K. (2006). Disparities in rates of unintended pregnancies in the United States, 1994 and 2001. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 38(2): 90–96.
Heil, S.H., Jones, H.E., Arria, A., Kaltenbach, K., Coyle, M., Fischer, G., Stine, S., Selby, P., and Martin, P.R. (2011). Unintended pregnancy in opioid-abusing women. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 40(2): 199–202.
Hill, P.C. and Hood, R.W., Jr. (1999). Measures of Religiosity. Birmingham, AL: Religious Education Press.
Jaccard, J., Dodge, T., and Dittus, P. (2003). Do adolescents want to avoid pregnancy? Attitudes toward pregnancy as predictors of pregnancy. Journal of Adolescent Health 33(2): 79–83.
Jones, J., Mosher, W., and Daniels, K. (2012). Current contraceptive use in the United States, 2006–2010, and changes in patterns of use since 1995. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, National health statistics reports, No. 60.
Joyce, T., Kaestner, R., and Korenman, S. (2002). On the validity of retrospective assessments of pregnancy intentions. Demography 39(1): 199–213.
Kaye, K., Suellentrop, K., and Stroup, C. (2009). The Fog Zone: How misperceptions, magical thinking, and ambivalence put young adults at risk for unplanned pregnancy. Washington, DC: The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned pregnancy.
Kendler, K.S., Xiao-Qing, L., Gardner, C.O., McCullough, M.E., Larson, D., and Prescott, C.A (2003). Dimensions of religiosity and their relationship to lifetime psychiatric and substance use disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry 160(3): 496–503.
Kost, K. and Lindberg, L. (2015). Pregnancy intentions, maternal behaviors, and infant health: Investigating relationships with new measures and propensity scores. Demography 52(1): 83–111.
Kroelinger, C.D. and Oths, K.S. (2001). Partner support and pregnancy wantedness. Birth 27(2): 112–119.
Lepkowski, J., Mosher, W.D., and Davis, K. (2006). National Survey of Family Growth, Cycle 6: Sample Design, Weighting, Imputation, and Variance Estimation. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, Vital and Health Statistics, Series 2, No. 142.
Lindberg, L and Kost, K. (2015). Unpublished tabulations of the 2002 and 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth, personal communication.
London, K., Peterson, L., and Piccinino, L. (1995). The National Survey of Family Growth: Principal source of statistics on unintended pregnancy: Supplement to Chapter 2. In: Brown, S.S. and Eisenberg, L. (eds.). The Best of Intentions. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press: 286–295.
Lopez, M.H. (2009). Latinos and education: Explaining the attainment gap. A report of the Pew Hispanic Center. Washington, DC: The Pew Research Center.
Manning, W.D. and Cohen, J.A. (2012). Premarital cohabitation and marital dissolution: An examination of recent marriages. Journal of Marriage and Family 74(2).
Manning, W.D. and Smock, P.J. (2005). Measuring and modeling cohabitation: New perspectives from qualitative data. Journal of Marriage and Family 67(4): 989–1002.
Martinez, G.M., Daniels, K., and Chandra, A. (2012). Fertility of men and women aged 15-44 years in the United States: National Survey of Family Growth, 2006-2010. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, National health statistics reports: no. 51. .
McQuillan, J., Greil, A.L., and Shreffler, K.M. (2011). Pregnancy intentions among women who do not try: Focusing on women who are okay either way. Maternal and Child Health Journal 15(21): 178–187.
Miller, W.B. (1995). Childbearing motivation and its measurement. Journal of Biosocial Science 27(4): 473–487.
Miller, W.B. (1994b). Childbearing motivations, desires, and intentions: A theoretical framework. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs 120(2): 223–258.
Miller, W.B. (2011). Differences between fertility desires and intentions: Implications for theory, research and policy. In: Morgan, P., Sobotka, T., and Testa, M.R. (eds.). Vienna Yearbook of Population Research . : 75–98.
Miller, W.B. (1974). Relationships between the intendedness of conception and the wantedness of pregnancy. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 156(6): 396–406.
Miller, W.B. (1994a). Reproductive decisions: How we make them and how they make us. In: Severy, L. (ed.). Advances in Population: Psychosocial Perspectives. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers: 1–27.
Miller, W.B. (1994c). The relationship between childbearing motivations and attitude toward abortion among married men and women. Family Planning Perspectives 26(4): 165–168.
Miller, W.B. (2003). The role of nurturant schemas in human reproduction. In: Rodgers, J.L. and Kohler, H-P. (eds.). The Biodemography of Human Reproduction . Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers: 43–55.
Miller, W.B., Barber, J.A., and Gatny, H.H. (2013). The effects of ambivalent fertility desires on pregnancy risk in young women in the USA. Population Studies 67(1): 25–38.
Miller, W.B. and Jones, J. (2009). The effects of preconception desires and intentions on pregnancy wantedness. Journal of Population Research 26(4): 327–357.
Miller, W.B., Trent, M., and Chung, S.E. (2014). Ambivalent Childbearing Motivations: Predicting Condom Use by Urban, African-American, Female Youth. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 27(3): 151–160.
Mosher, W.D., Jones, J., and Abma, J.C. (2012). Intended and unintended births in the United States: 1982–2010. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, National health statistics reports, No. 55.
Office, of Management and Budget (1997). Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity. Statistical policy directive 15, Fed Regist 62FR58781-90.
Piccinino, L. and Peterson, L.S. (1999). Ambivalent attitudes and unintended pregnancy. In: Severy, L.S. and Miller, W.B. (eds.). Advances in population: Psychosocial perspectives, Vol. 3. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers: 227–249.
Popkin, R., Higgins, J.A., Santelli, J.S., and Miller, W.B. (2011). Defining pregnancy ambivalence: How different measures of ambivalence relate to socio-demographic characteristics and contraceptive use. Paper presented at the American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
Rini, C., Schetter, C.D., Hobel, C.J., Glynn, L.M., and Sandman, C.A. (2006). Effective social support: Antecedents and consequences of partner support during pregnancy. Personal Relationships 13(2): 207–229.
Rong, X.L. and Grant, L. (2005). Ethnicity, generation, and school attainment of Asians, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic whites. The Sociological Quarterly 33(4): 625–636.
Sable, M.R. and Herman, A.A (1997). Pregnancy wantedness and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Differences by race and Medicaid status. Family Planning Perspectives 29(2): 76–81.
Santelli, J., Rochat, R., Hatfield-Timajchy, K., Gilbert, B.C., Curtis, C., Cabal, R., Hirsch, J.S., and Schieve, L. (2003). The measurement and meaning of unintended pregnancy. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 35(2): 94–101.
Schneider, D. (2011). Wealth and the marital divide. American Journal of Sociology 117(2): 627–667.
Schunmann, C. and Glasier, A. (2006). Measuring pregnancy intention and its relationship with contraceptive use among women undergoing therapeutic abortion. Contraception 73(5): 520–524.
Schwarz, E.B., Lohr, P.A., Gold, M.A., and Gerbert, B. (2007). Prevalence and correlates of ambivalence towards pregnancy among non-pregnant women. Contraception 75(4): 305–310.
Sheeder, J., Teal, S.B., Crane, L.A., and Stevens-Simon, C. (2010). Adolescent childbearing ambivalence: Is it the sum of its parts? Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 23(2): 86–92.
Sipsma, H.L., Ickovics, J.R., Lewis, J.B., Ethier, K.A., and Kershaw, T.S. (2011). Adolescent pregnancy desire and pregnancy incidence. Women’s Health Issues 21(2): 110–116.
Trussell, J., Vaughan, B., and Stanford, J. (1999). Are all contraceptive failures unintended pregnancies? Evidence from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Family Planning Perspectives 31(5): 246–247 and 260.
Upchurch, D.M., Lillard, L.A., and Panis, C.W.A. (2002). Non-marital childbearing: Influences of education, marriage, and fertility. Demography 39(2): 311–329.
Waite, L.J. (1995). Does marriage matter? Demography 32(4): 483–507.
Williams, L., Abma, J., and Piccinino, L.J. (1999). The correspondence between intention to avoid childbearing and subsequent fertility: A prospective analysis. Demography 31(5): 220–227.