Volume 36 - Article 27 | Pages 759–802  

First signs of transition: The parallel decline of early baptism and early mortality in the province of Padua (northeast Italy), 1816‒1870

By Alessandra Minello, Gianpiero Dalla Zuanna, Guido Alfani

References

Codex Iuris Canonici (1917). Rome: Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis.

Download reference:

Rituale romanum: Editio princeps [1614] (2004). Rome: Libreria Editrice Vaticana.

Download reference:

Aalen, O. (1994). Effects of frailty in survival analysis. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 3(3): 227‒243.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Alfani, G. (2009). Fathers and godfathers: Spiritual kinship in early modern Italy. Aldershot: Ashgate.

Download reference:

Alfani, G. (2013). Population dynamics, Malthusian crises and Boserupian innovation in pre-industrial societies: The case study of northern Italy (ca. 1450‒1800) in the light of Lee’s ‘dynamic synthesis’. In: Chairini, B. and Malanima, P. (eds.). From Malthus’ stagnation to sustained growth. Basingstoke: Palgrave: 18‒51.

Download reference:

Alfani, G. and Gourdon, V. (2012). Spiritual kinship and godparenthood: An introduction. In: Alfani, G. and Gourdon, V. (eds.). Spiritual kinship in Europe, 1500‒1900. Basingstoke: Palgrave: 1‒43.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Alfani, G. and Gourdon, V. (2012). Spiritual kinship in Europe, 1500‒1900. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Basilico, A. (2010). ‘Guadagnar quell’anima’: Battesimi d’emergenza e tempi di attesa dalla nascita nella diocesi di Teramo (1600‒1730) [‘Winning that soul’: Emergency baptisms and birth‒baptism gap in the diocese of Teramo]. Popolazione e Storia 1: 9‒25.

Download reference:

Bellamy, J. (1932). Baptême dans l’Église latine depuis le VIIIe siècle [Baptism in the Latin Church from the 8th century onwards]. In: Vacant, A., Mangenot, E., and Amann, E. (eds.). Dictionnaire de théologie catholique [Dictionary of Catholic theology]. Paris: Librairie Letouzey et Ané: 250‒296.

Download reference:

Bengtsson, T. (1999). The vulnerable child: Economic insecurity and child mortality in pre-industrial Sweden: A case study of Västanfors, 1750‒1850. European Journal of Population 15(2): 117‒151.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Berry, B.M. and Schofield, R.S. (1971). Age at baptism in pre-industrial England. Population Studies 25(3): 453‒463.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Blayo, C. and Henry, L. (1967). Données démographiques sur la Bretagne et l’Anjou [Demographic data on Bretagne and Anjou]. Annales de démographie historique 1: 91‒171.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Boatto, M. (1998). Demografia di una comunità rurale nel Veneto pre-unitario: San Stino di Livenza [Demography of a rural community in Veneto before the Italian unification: San Stino di Livenza]. [Degree thesis]. Padua: University of Padua, Department of Statistics.

Download reference:

Boulton, J. and Davenport, R.J. (2015). Few deaths before baptism: Clerical policy, private baptism and the registration of births in Georgian Westminster: A paradox resolved. Local Population Studies 94(1): 28‒47.

Download reference:

Breschi, M. and Pozzi, L. (1997). Disuguaglianze: Stratificazione e mobilità sociale nelle popolazioni Italiane dal secolo XIV al agli inizi del secolo XX [Inequalities: Stratification and social mobility in the Italian population from the 14th to the early 20th century]. Bologna: Società Italiana di Demografia, CLUEB.

Download reference:

Camuffo, D. and Jones, P. (eds.) (2002). Improved understanding of past climatic variability from early daily European instrumental sources. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Cattaneo, E. (1975). Forme catecumenali in rapporto alla Chiesa e alla società nelle varie epoche storiche [Catechumenal forms in relation to the Church and society in different historical periods]. In: Iniziazione cristiana: Problemi della Chiesa di oggi [Becoming Christians: Problems of the Church today] (Proceedings of the 4th Conference of the Professors of Liturgy). Bologna: Dehoniane: 17‒72.

Download reference:

Corblet, J. (1881‒1882). Histoire du sacrement de Baptême [History of the Baptism]. Paris: Société générale de librairie catholique.

Download reference:

Corsini, C.A. (1996). Infanzia e famiglia nel XIX secolo [Infancy and family in the 19th century]. In: Becchi, E. and Julia, D. (eds.). Storia dell’infanzia: 2., dal Settecento a oggi [History of infancy: 2., from the 18th century until today]. Rome: Laterza: 250‒281.

Download reference:

Dalla-Zuanna, G. (2010). Tacit consent: The Church and birth control in northern Italy. Population and Development Review 37(2): 361‒374.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Dalla-Zuanna, G. and Rosina, A. (2011). The fatal season: An analysis of extremely high nineteenth-century winter neonatal mortality in a local context of northeastern Italy. European Journal of Population 27(1): 33‒55.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Dalla-Zuanna, G., Rosina, A., and Rossi, F. (2004). Il Veneto: Storia della popolazione dalla caduta di Venezia ad oggi [The Veneto region: History of the population from the fall of Venice up to the present day]. Venice: Marsilio.

Download reference:

Dalla-Zuanna, G. and Rossi, F. (2010). Comparisons of infant mortality in the Austrian Empire Länder using the Tafeln (1851‒1854). Demographic Research 22(26): 813‒862.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Davenport, R. (2010). The relationship between stillbirth and early neonatal mortality: Evidence from eighteenth-century London. Paper presented at the 2010 BSPS Annual Conference, University of Exeter, September 13‒15, 2010.

Download reference:

Derosas, R. (2003). ‘Watch out for the children!’ Differential infant mortality of Jews and Catholics in nineteenth-century Venice. Historical Methods 36(3): 109‒130.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Derosas, R. (2002). La demografia dei poveri: Pescatori, facchini e industrianti nella Venezia di metà Ottocento [Demography of poors: Fishermen, porters and unskilled workers in Venice of the mid-nineteenth century]. In: Woolf, S.J. (ed.). Storia di Venezia: L’Ottocento e il Novecento [History of Venice: The 19th and the 20th centuries]. Vol. 8. Rome: Istituto della enciclopedia italiana: 711‒770.

Download reference:

Derosas, R. (2009). The joint effect of maternal malnutrition and cold weather on neonatal mortality in nineteenth-century Venice: An assessment of the hypothermia hypothesis. Population Studies 63(3): 233‒251.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Dewhurst, S. and Hinde, A. (1996). Age at baptism in rural Hampshire in the second half of the nineteenth century. Local Population Studies 57: 72‒75.

Download reference:

Enders, C.K. and Tofighi, D. (2007). Centering predictor variables in cross-sectional multilevel models: A new look at an old issue. Psychological Methods 12(2): 121‒138.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Filippini, N. and Plebani, T. (1999). La scoperta dell’infanzia: Cura, educazione e rappresentazione, Venezia 1750‒1930 [Discovering infancy: Care, education and representation, Venice 1750–1930]. Venice: Marsilio.

Download reference:

Forti-Messina, A.L. (1984). I medici condotti e la professione del medico nell’Ottocento [Local doctors and the medical profession in the nineteenth century]. Società e Storia 23: 101‒161.

Download reference:

Fure, E. (2002). Social differences in infant mortality in the Norwegian parishes Asker and Baerum, 1814‒1878. Hygiea Internationalis: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the History of Public Health 3(1): 177‒192.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Furegato, M. (2007). I registri parrocchiali di Battaglia Terme (1607‒1871) [The parish registers of Battaglia Terme (1607‒1871)]. [Master thesis]. Padua: University of Padua, Department of Statistics.

Download reference:

Gourdon, V. (2006). Les pratiques du baptême à Paris et à Rome au XIXe siècle [Baptismal practices in Paris and Rome during the 19th century]. Popolazione e Storia 7(2): 19‒60.

Download reference:

Jones, R.E. (1980). Further evidence on the decline in infant mortality in pre-industrial England: North Shropshire, 1561–1810. Population Studies 34(2): 239‒250.

Download reference:

Lazzarini, A. (1981). Campagne venete ed emigrazione di massa: 1866‒1900 [The rural Veneto and mass emigrations: 1866‒1900]. Vicenza: Istituto per le ricerche di storia sociale e di storia religiosa.

Download reference:

Lazzarini, A. (1983). Contadini e agricoltura: L’inchiesta Jacini nel Veneto [Farmers and the agriculture: The Jacini inquest in Veneto]. Milan: Angeli.

Download reference:

Le Goff, J. (1982). La nascita del Purgatorio [The birth of Purgatory]. Turin: Einaudi.

Download reference:

Livi Bacci, M. (1986). Fertility, nutrition and pellagra: Italy during the vital revolution. Journal of Interdisciplinary History 16(3): 431‒454.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Livi Bacci, M. (1991). Population and nutrition: An essay on European demographic history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Ministero d’agricoltura, industria e commercio (1864). Statistica del Regno d’Italia, Movimento dello stato civile nell’anno 1863. Florence: Tofani.

Download reference:

Paccagnella, O. (2006). Centering or not centering in multilevel models? The role of the group mean and assessment of group effects. Evaluation Review 30(1): 66‒85.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Pancino, C. (1984). Il bambino e l’acqua sporca: Storia dell’assistenza al parto dalle mammane alle ostetriche (secoli XVI-XIX) [The baby and the dirty water: The history of assistance at childbirth from ‘mammane’ to midwives (16th‒19th centuries)]. Milan: Angeli.

Download reference:

Pescosolido, G. (2011). La costruzione dell’economia unitaria [Building the Italian economic space]. Rome: Istituto Treccani dell’Enciclopedia Italiana.

Piccione, L. (2016). Children survival in Veneto 1815‒1870: From the Dark Age to the dawn of change. [PhD thesis]. Padua: University of Padua, Department of Statistical Sciences.

Download reference:

Piccione, L., Dalla-Zuanna, G., and Minello, A. (2014). Mortality selection during the first three months of life and survival in the following thirty-three months in the rural Veneto (North-East Italy) before the health transition. Demographic Research 31(39): 1199‒1228.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Pozzi, L. (1991). Evoluzione della mortalità e transizione sanitaria nelle provincie venete dall’Unità agli anni Trenta [Mortality changes and health transition in the provinces of Veneto from 1866 to the 1930s]. In: Rossi, F. (ed.). La transizione demografica nel Veneto: Alcuni spunti di ricerca [The demographic transition in Veneto: Some research issues]. Venice: Corazzin.

Download reference:

Prosperi, A. (2005). Dare l’anima [Giving the soul]. Turin: Einaudi.

Download reference:

Ratcliffe, B.M. (1998). Workers and religion in mid-nineteenth-century Paris: The evidence from the timing of weddings and baptisms. Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques 24(2): 283‒327.

Download reference:

Residori, S. (1984). Tra demografia storica e storia della popolazione: Una comunità, una regione: Lendinara e il Veneto nell’800 [Between historical demography and history of population: A community, a region: Lendinara and Veneto during the 19th century]. Annali Veneti 1(1): 47‒64.

Download reference:

Rosina, A. and Zannini, A. (2004). Mortalità infantile [Infant mortality]. In: Dalla-Zuanna, G., Rosina, A., and Rossi, F. (eds.). Il Veneto: Storia della popolazione dalla caduta di Venezia ad oggi [The Veneto: History of the population from the fall of Venice up to the present day]. Venice: Marsilio.

Download reference:

Sanna, E. (2002). Il secular trend in Italia [The secular trend in Italy]. Antropo 3: 23‒49.

Download reference:

Scarpa, G. (1963). L’agricoltura del Veneto nella prima meta del XIX secolo: L’utilizzazione del suolo [Agriculture in the Veneto region during the first half of the 19th century: The use of the land]. Turin: ILTE.

Download reference:

Schofield, R. and E., Wrigley (1979). Infant and child mortality in England in the late Tudor and early Stuart period. In: Webster, C. (ed.). Health, medicine and mortality in the sixteenth century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 61‒95.

Download reference:

Tasinato, L. (2007). La cura del neonato nei primi giorni di vita e il ruolo della levatrice: Indicazioni dei manuali per ostetriche dei secoli XVII-XIX tratti dal fondo libri antichi della clinica ostetrica di Padova [The care of the newborn in the first days of life and the role of the midwife: Manuals for midwives of the 17th‒19th centuries, drawn from the ancient books of the library of the Maternity Clinic of the University of Padua]. [Degree thesis]. Padua: University of Padua, Department of Statistics.

Download reference:

Torquebiau, P. (1937). Baptême en Occident [Baptism in the West]. In: Naz, R. (ed.). Dictionnaire de droit canonique [Dictionary of canon law]. Paris: Letourney.

Download reference:

Vaupel, J.W., Manton, K.G., and E., Stallard (1979). The impact of heterogeneity in individual frailty on the dynamics of mortality. Demography 16(3): 439‒454.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Watterson, P.A. (1988). Infant mortality by father’s occupation by 1911 census of England and Wales. Demography 25(2): 289‒306.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Woods, R. (2009). Death before birth: Fetal health and mortality in historical perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Wrigley, E.A., Davies, R.S., Oeppen, J.E., and Schofield, R.S. (1997). English population history from family reconstitution 1580–1837. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Zannini, A. and Gazzi, D. (2003). Contadini, emigranti, ‘colonos’: Tra le Prealpi venete e il Brasile meridionale: Storia e demografia, 1780‒1910 [Farmers, migrants, ‘colonos’: Between the Prealps of Veneto and the South of Brasil: History and demography, 1780‒1910]. Treviso: Canova.

Download reference:

Zeviani, G.V. (1775). Nuovo fonte da cavar pronostici nelle malattie [New source of medical diagnosis]. Naples: Ippolito Felice Manfredi Vincenzo.

Download reference:

Back to the article