Volume 36 - Article 52 | Pages 1601–1636
The relationship between women's paid employment and women's stated son preference in India
By Julia Behrman, Sara Duvisac
References
Abraham, V. (2009). Employment growth in rural India: Distress-driven? Economic and Political Weekly 44(16): 97–104.
Agarwal, B. (1988). Who sows? Who reaps? Women and land rights in India. The Journal of Peasant Studies 15(4): 531–581.
Arnold, F., Choe, M.K., and Roy, T.K. (1998). Son preference, the family-building process and child mortality in India. Population Studies 52(3): 301–315.
Arnold, F., Kishor, S., and Roy, T.K. (2002). Sex-selective abortions in India. Population and Development Review 28(4): 759–785.
Bardhan, P.K. (1974). On life and death questions. Economic and Political Weekly 9: 1293–1304.
Bardhan, P.K. (1988). Sex disparity in child survival in rural India. In: Srinivasan, T.N. and Bardhan, P.K. (eds.). Rural poverty in South Asia. New York: Columbia Press: 473–482.
Basu, A.M. (1999). Fertility decline and increasing gender imbalance including a possible South Indian turnaround. Development and Change 30(2): 237–263.
Becker, G.S. (1981). Treatise on the family. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Bharati, S., Shome, S., Pal, M., Chaudhury, P., and Bharati, P. (2011). Is son preference pervasive in India? Journal of Gender Studies 20(3): 291–298.
Bhat, P., Mari, N., and Zavier, A.J.F. (2003). Fertility decline and gender bias in northern India. Demography 40(2): 637–657.
Bongaarts, J. (1994). The impact of population policies: Comment. Population and Development Review 20(3): 616–620.
Chakravarty, D. and Chakravarty, I. (2015). Women, labor, an the economy: From migrant menservants to uprooted girl children maids. New York: Routledge.
Chaudhury, P. and Verick, S. (2014). Female labor force participation in India and beyond. New Delhi: International Labour Organization (ILO Asia-Pacific Working Paper October 2014).
Chung, W. and Das Gupta, M. (2007). The decline of son preference in South Korea: The roles of development and public policy. Population and Development Review 33(4): 757–783.
Das Gupta, M., Zhenghua, J., Bohua, L., Zhenming, X., Chung, W., and Hwa-Ok, B. (2003). Why is son preference so persistent in East and South Asia? A cross-country study of China, India and the Republic of Korea. The Journal of Development Studies 40(2): 153–187.
Diamond-Smith, N., Luke, N., and McGarvey, S. (2008). Too many girls, too much dowry: Son preference and daughter aversion in rural Tamil Nadu, India. Culture, Health & Sexuality 10(7): 697–708.
Dyson, T. and Moore, M. (1983). On kinship structure, female autonomy, and demographic behavior in India. Population and Development Review 9(1): 35–60.
Ferrant, G., Pesando, L.M., and Nowacka, K. (2014). Unpaid care work: The missing link in the analysis of gender gaps in labor outcomes. Geneva: OECD Development Center (Issues Paper October 2014).
Gaudin, S. (2011). Son preference in Indian families: Absolute versus relative wealth effects. Demography 48(1): 343–370.
Jensen, R. (2012). Do labor market opportunities affect young women’s work and family decisions? Experimental evidence from India. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 127: 753–792.
Jha, P., Kesler, M.A., Kumar, R., Ram, F., Ram, U., Aleksandrowicz, L., Bassani, D.G., Chandra, S., and Banthia, J.K. (2011). Trends in selective abortions of girls in India: Analysis of nationally representative birth histories from 1990 to 2005 and census data from 1991 to 2011. The Lancet 377(9781): 1921–1928.
Kasarda, J.D. (1971). Economic structure and fertility: A comparative analysis. Demography 8(3): 3017–3317.
Kashyap, R. and Villavicencio, F. (2016). The dynamics of son preference, technology diffusion, and fertility decline underlying distorted sex ratios at birth: A simulation approach. Demography 53(3): 1261–1281.
Kishor, S. (1993). May God give sons to all: Gender and child mortality in India. American Sociological Review 58(2): 247–265.
Lai, Q., Mu, Z., and Ren, Q. (2014). Regional influences on Chinese women's fertility desires: Development and patriarchal culture.
Mitra, A. (2014). Son preference in India: Implications for gender development. Journal of Economic Issues 48(4): 1021–1037.
Mitra, A. (2005). Women in the urban informal sector: Perpetuation of meagre earnings. Development and Change 36(2): 291–316.
Mitra, A. and Singh, P. (2006). Human capital attainment and female labor force participation – The Kerala Puzzle. Journal of Economic Issues 40(3): 779–798.
Mitra, S. (2006). Patterns of female employment in urban India: Analysis of NSS data (1983 to 1999–2000). Economic and Political Weekly 41(48): 5000–5008.
Mukund, K. (1999). Women's property rights in South India: A review. Economic and Political Weekly 34(22): 1352–1358.
Murthi, M., Guio, A.C., and Drèze, J. (1995). Mortality, fertility and gender bias in India. London: London School of Economics and Political Science (Discussion paper No. 61, Development Economics Research Programme, STICERD).
Neetha, N. (2004). Making of female breadwinners: Migration and social networking of women domestics in Delhi. Economic and Political Weekly 39(17): 1681–1688.
Noponen, H. (1991). The dynamics of work and survival for the urban poor: A gender analysis of panel data from Madras. Development and Change 22: 233–260.
Panda, P.K. (2003). Poverty and young women's employment: Linkages in Kerala. Economic and Political Weekly 38(38): 4034–4042.
Pande, R. and Astone, N.M. (2007). Explaining son preference in rural India: The independent role of structural versus individiual factors. Population Research and Policy Review 26(2): 1–29.
Pande, R. and Malhotra, A. (2006). Son preference and daughter neglect in India: What happens to living girls? Washington, D.C.: International Center for Research on Women.
Pritchett, L.H. (1994). Desired fertility and the impact of population policies. Population and Development Review 20(1): 1–55.
Retherford, R.D. and Roy, T.K. (2003). Factors affecting sex-selective abortion in India and 17 major states. Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences (National Family Health Survey Subject Reports No. 21).
Robitaille, M. (2013). Determinants of stated son preference in India: Are men and women different? The Journal of Development Studies 49(5): 657–669.
Rosenzweig, M. and Schultz, T.P. (1982). Market opportunities, genetic endowments and the intrafamily distribution of resources: Child survival in rural India. American Economic Review 72(4): 803–815.
Rustagi, P. (2010). Employment trends for women in India. New Delhi: Internation Labor Organization (ILO Asia-Pacific Working Paper June 2010).
Saradamoni, K. (1994). Women, Kerala, and some development issues. Economic and Political Weekly 29(9): 501–509.
Schockaert, I. (2005). Women's employment and fertility in Latin America: A review of the question. Population 60(1–2): 149–168.
Sen, A. and Sengupta, S. (1983). Malnutrition of rural children and the sex bias. Economic and Political Weekly 18(19/21): 855–864.
Singh, P. and Pandey, A. (2005). Women in call centers. Economic and Weekly 40(7): 684–688.
Srinivasan, P. and Lee, G.R. (2004). The dowry system in northern India: Women's attitudes and social change. Journal of Marriage and Family 66(5): 1108–1117.
Sudha, S. and Rajan, S.I. (1999). Female demographic disadvantage in India 1981–1991: Sex selective abortion and female infanticide. Development and Change 30(3): 585–618.
Sundari, S. (2005). Migration as a livelihood strategy: A gender perspective. Economic and Political Weekly 40(22/23): 2295–2303.
Woetzel, J., Madgavkar, A., Ellingrud, K., Labaye, E., Devillard, S., Kutcher, E., Manyika, J., Dobbs, R., and Krishnan, M. (2015). The power of parity: How advancing women’s equality can add $12 trillion to global growth. New York: McKinsey Global Institute.
World Bank (2014). India: Women, work, and employment. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
World Bank (2016). Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate) [electronic resource]. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.