Volume 38 - Article 16 | Pages 373–400  

A network approach to studying cause-of-death interrelations

By Viviana Egidi, Michele Antonio Salvatore, Giulia Rivellini, Silvia D'Angelo

Abstract

Background: Multiple causes of death describe complex death processes marked by the simultaneous presence of several diseases and conditions, primarily at older ages.

Objective: We intend to explore the opportunity offered by the Social Network Analysis (SNA) in the study of multiple relationships in the causes of death.

Methods: SNA allowed us to reconstruct the complex system of relationships linking the causes of death mentioned in the same death certificate for Italian men and women aged 65 years and over in 2011. The causes can be represented as actors of a network where the relational tie establishes a linkage between a cause mentioned together with another. The strength of this association is represented by the frequency of the joint mentioning in the same certificate controlling for the confounding effect due to the different prevalence of the causes.

Results: The analysis clearly brought out that causes of death describe a very dense system of relationships. Considering only the strongest associations, the graphical analysis showed subgroups of causes, within which cross-references are very frequent while mentions external to the group are rare. Moreover, SNA concepts and instruments allowed us to identify causes playing important roles in death processes and mortality patterns.

Conclusions: SNA has proved to be very powerful in identifying the relationships between causes of death, on which health policies should take action to further reduce mortality risks of elderly persons.

Contribution: The method was able to highlight complex structures composing subgroups of diseases, offering a clearer picture of the characteristics of death processes than the analyses conducted so far have allowed.

Author’s Affiliation

• Viviana Egidi - Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Italy EMAIL
• Michele Antonio Salvatore - Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT), Italy EMAIL
• Giulia Rivellini - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy EMAIL
• Silvia D'Angelo - Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Italy EMAIL

Other articles by the same author/authors in Demographic Research

Revisiting the mortality of France and Italy with the multiple-cause-of-death approach
Volume 23 - Article 28

Geographical mortality patterns in Italy: A Bayesian analysis
Volume 20 - Article 18

Ageing and diversity: Inequalities in longevity and health in low-mortality countries
Volume 50 - Article 12

Frailty at death: An examination of multiple causes of death in four low mortality countries in 2017
Volume 49 - Article 2

Similar articles in Demographic Research

Estimating post-war socioeconomic inequalities in lifespan in Austria (Vorarlberg) between 1946 and 1981 using newspaper obituary data
Volume 55 - Article 29    | Keywords: inequalities, lifespan, mortality, obituary data

Diversity in causes of death: A new framework to account for multiple causes of death
Volume 55 - Article 20    | Keywords: diversity, life table, multiple causes of death

Migrant mortality across contexts and generations: A comparative study of Norway and England and Wales
Volume 55 - Article 18    | Keywords: assimilation, cross-national comparison, England, migrant descendants, migrant mortality, migrant mortality, mortality, Norway, second generation, Wales

Estimating COVID-19 excess mortality during and after the pandemic: A Bayesian model, with an application to New Zealand
Volume 55 - Article 17    | Keywords: Bayesian analysis, COVID-19, mortality, mortality forecasting, New Zealand, New Zealand

A personal perspective on the history of the World Fertility Survey and The Demographic and Health Surveys Program: An interview with Tom Pullum
Volume 55 - Article 6    | Keywords: Demographic Health Surveys, fertility, fertility, health, mortality, surveys, World Fertility Survey