Volume 38 - Article 37 | Pages 1059–1110  

The positive impact of women’s employment on divorce: Context, selection, or anticipation?

By Daniele Vignoli, Anna Matysiak, Marta Styrc, Valentina Tocchioni

References

Anxo, D., Mencarini, L., Pailhé, A., Solaz, A., Tanturri, M.L., and Flood, L. (2011). Gender differences in time use over the life course in France, Italy, Sweden, and the US. Feminist economics 17(3): 159–195.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Austen, S. (2004). Labour supply and the risk of divorce: An analysis of Australian data. Australian Economic Review 37(2): 153–165.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Becker, G.S. (1981). A treatise on the family. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Download reference:

Becker, G.S., Landes, E.M., and Michael, R.T. (1977). An economic analysis of marital instability. Journal of Political Economy 85(6): 1141–1188.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Bernardi, F. (1999). Does the husband matter? Married women and employment in Italy. European Sociological Review 15(3): 285–300.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Blossfeld, H.-P. and Drobnic, S. (2001). Careers of couples in contemporary society: From male breadwinner to dual-earner families. New York: Oxford University Press.

Download reference:

Blossfeld, H.-P. and Müller, R. (2002). Guest editors’ introduction: Union disruption in comparative perspective: The role of assortative partner choice and careers of couples. International Journal of Sociology 32(4): 3–35.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Carlson, D.L., Miller, A.J., Sassler, S., and Hanson, S. (2016). The gendered division of housework and couples’ sexual relationships: A reexamination. Journal of Marriage and Family 78(4): 975–995.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Cherlin, A.J. (2000). Toward a new home socioeconomics of union formation. In: Waite, L.J., Bachrach, C., Hindin, M., Thomson, E., and Thornton, A. (eds.). The ties that bind: Perspectives on marriage and cohabitation. New York: Aldine De Gruyter: 126–144.

Download reference:

Cherlin, A.J. (1979). Work life and marital dissolution. In: Levinger, G. and Moles, O. C. (eds.). Divorce and separation: Context, causes and consequences. New York: Basic Books: 151–166.

Download reference:

Coltrane, S. (2000). Research on household labor: Modeling and measuring the social embeddedness of routine family work. Journal of Marriage and Family 62(4): 1208–1233.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Cooke, L.P. (2006). ‘Doing’ gender in context: Household bargaining and risk of divorce in Germany and the United States. American Journal of Sociology 112(2): 442–472.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Cooke, L.P. (2004). The gendered division of labor and family outcomes in Germany. Journal of Marriage and Family 66(5): 1246–1259.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Cooke, L.P. and Gash, V. (2010). Wives’ part-time employment and marital stability in Great Britain, West Germany and the United States. Sociology 44(6): 1091–1108.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Cooke, L.P., Erola, J., Evertsson, M., Gähler, M., Härkönen, J., Hewitt, B., Jalovaara, M., Kan, M., Lyngstad, T.H., and Mencarini, L. (2013). Labor and love: Wives’ employment and divorce risk in its socio-political context. Social Politics 20(4): 482–509.

Weblink:
Download reference:

De Rose, A. (1992). Socio-economic factors and family size as determinants of marital dissolution in Italy. European Sociological Review 8(1): 71–91.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Evers, A., Lewis, J., and Riedel, B. (2005). Developing child-care provision in England and Germany: Problems of governance. Journal of European Social Policy 15(3): 195–209.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Fodor, E., Glass, C., Kawachi, J., and Popescu, L. (2002). Family policies and gender in Hungary, Poland, and Romania. Communist and Post-Communist Studies 35(4): 475–490.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Geisler, E. and Kreyenfeld, M. (2012). How policy matters: Germany’s parental leave benefit reform and fathers’ behavior 1999–2009. Rostock: Max Plank Institute for Demographic Research (MPIDR working paper 21).

Download reference:

Goode, W.J. (1993). World changes in divorce patterns. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Download reference:

Härkönen, J. (2013). Divorce: Trends, patterns, causes, consequences. Stockholm: Stockholm University (Stockholm Research Report in Demography 7).

Download reference:

Härkönen, J. and Dronkers, J. (2006). Stability and change in the educational gradient of divorce: A comparison of seventeen countries. European Sociological Review 22(5): 501–517.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Hobson, B. (1990). No exit, no voice: Women’s economic dependency and the welfare state. Acta Sociologica 33(3): 235–250.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Hoem, J.M. and Kreyenfeld, M. (2006a). Anticipatory analysis and its alternatives in life-course research: Part 1: Education and first childbearing. Demographic Research 15(16): 461–484.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Hoem, J.M. and Kreyenfeld, M. (2006b). Anticipatory analysis and its alternatives in life-course research: Part 2: Two interacting processes. Demographic Research 15(17): 485–498.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Istat (2016). Matrimoni, separazioni e divorzi [electronic resource]. Rome: Istat.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Jalovaara, M. (2003). The joint effects of marriage partners’ socioeconomic positions on the risk of divorce. Demography 40(1): 67–81.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Johnson, W.R. and Skinner, J. (1986). Labor supply and marital separation. The American Economic Review 76(3): 455–469.

Download reference:

Kalmijn, M. and Poortman, A.-R. (2006). His or her divorce? The gendered nature of divorce and its determinants. European Sociological Review 22(2): 201–214.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Kaplan, A. and Stier, H. (2010). Political economy of family life: Welfare regimes, economic resources and divorce. Paper presented at the European Population Conference, Vienna, Austria, August 31–September 3, 2010.

Download reference:

Klesment, M. and Van Bavel, J. (2017). The reversal of the gender gap in education, motherhood, and women as main earners in Europe. European Sociological Review 33(3): 465–481.

Download reference:

Kulu, H. and Vikat, A. (2007). Fertility differences by housing type: The effect of housing conditions or of selective moves? Demographic Research 17(26): 775–802.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Liefbroer, A.C. and Dourleijn, E. (2006). Unmarried cohabitation and union stability: Testing the role of diffusion using data from 16 European countries. Demography 43(2): 203–221.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Lillard, L.A. (1993). Simultaneous equations for hazards: marriage duration and fertility timing. Journal of Econometrics 56(1–2): 189217.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Lillard, L.A. and Panis, C.W. (1996). Marital status and mortality: The role of health. 33(3):313–327. doi:. Demography 33(3): 313–327.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Lillard, L.A., Brien, M.J., and Waite, L.J. (1995). Premarital cohabitation and subsequent marital dissolution: A matter of self-selection? Demography 32(3): 437–457.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Lyngstad, T.H. and Jalovaara, M. (2010). A review of the antecedents of union dissolution. Demographic Research 23(10): 257–292.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Matysiak, A. and Szalma, I. (2014). Effects of parental leave policies on second birth risks and women’s employment entry. Population 69(4): 599–636.

Download reference:

Matysiak, A. and Vignoli, D. (2013). Diverse effects of women’s employment on fertility: Insights from Italy and Poland. European Journal of Population 29(3): 273–302.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Matysiak, A. and Węziak-Białowolska, D. (2016). Country-specific conditions for work and family reconciliation: An attempt at quantification. European Journal of Population 32(4): 475–510.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Matysiak, A., Styrc, M., and Vignoli, D. (2014). The educational gradient in marital disruption: A meta-analysis of European research findings. Population Studies 68(2): 197–215.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Mencarini, L. and Vignoli, D. (2017). Employed women and marital union stability: It helps when men help. Journal of Family Issues 39(5): 1348–1373.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Neyer, G. (2003). Family policies and low fertility in Western Europe. Journal of Population and Social Security 1(Supplement)(286): 46–93.

Download reference:

OECD (2008). Benefits and wages [electronic resource]. Paris: OECD.

Weblink:
Download reference:

OECD (2011). Doing better for families [electronic resource]. Paris: OECD.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Oláh, L.S. (2001). Gender and family stability: Dissolution of the first parental union in Sweden and Hungary. Demographic Research 4(2): 29–96.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Oláh, L.S. and Gähler, M. (2014). Gender equality perceptions, division of paid and unpaid work, and partnership dissolution in Sweden. Social Forces 93(2): 571–594.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Oppenheimer, V.K. (1997). Women’s employment and the gain to marriage: The specialization and trading model. Annual Review of Sociology 23: 431–453.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Oppenheimer, V.K. (1994). Women’s rising employment and the future of the family in industrial societies. Population and Development Review 20(2): 293–342.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Ostner, I. (1993). Slow motion: Women, work and the family in Germany. In: Lewis, J. (ed.). Women and social policies in Europe. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar: 92–115.

Download reference:

Özcan, B. and Breen, R. (2012). Marital instability and female labor supply. Annual Review of Sociology 38: 463–481.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Papps, K.L. (2006). The effects of divorce risk on the labour supply of married couples. Bonn: Institute for the Study of Labour (IZA Discussion Paper 2395).

Download reference:

Parsons, T. (1940). An analytical approach to the theory of social stratification. American Journal of Sociology 45(6): 841–862.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Pascall, G. and Manning, N. (2000). Gender and social policy: Comparing welfare states in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Journal of European Social Policy 10(3): 240–266.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Perelli-Harris, B. and Sánchez Gassen, N. (2012). How similar are cohabitation and marriage? Legal approaches to cohabitation across Western Europe. Population and Development Review 38(3): 435–467.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Perelli-Harris, B., Mynarska, M., Berrington, A., Evans, A., Berghammer, C., Isupova, O., Keizer, R., Klärner, A., Lappegård, T., and Vignoli, D. (2014). Towards a new understanding of cohabitation: Insights from focus group research across Europe and Australia. Demographic Research 31(34): 1043–1078.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Poortman, A.-R. (2005). How work affects divorce: The mediating role of financial and time pressures. Journal of Family Issues 26(2): 168–195.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Raz-Yurovich, L. (2012). Economic determinants of divorce among dual-earner couples: Jews in Israel. European Journal of Population 28(2): 177–203.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Rogers, S.J. (1999). Wives’ income and marital quality: Are there reciprocal effects? Journal of Marriage and Family 61(1): 123–132.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Rosenfeld, R.A., Trappe, H., and Gornick, J.C. (2004). Gender and work in Germany: Before and after reunification. Annual Review of Sociology 30(103–124).

Weblink:
Download reference:

Ruggles, S. (1997). The rise of divorce and separation in the United States, 1880–1990. Demography 34(4): 455–466.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Salvini, S. and Vignoli, D. (2011). Things change: Women’s and men’s marital disruption dynamics in Italy during a time of social transformations, 1970–2003. Demographic Research 24(5): 145–174.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Sayer, L.C. and Bianchi, S.M. (2000). Women’s economic independence and the probability of divorce: A review and reexamination. Journal of Family Issues 21(7): 906–943.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Schoen, R., Astone, N.M., Kim, Y.J., Rothert, K., and Standish, N.J. (2002). Women’s employment, marital happiness, and divorce. Social Forces 81(2): 643–662.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Sigle-Rushton, W. (2010). Men’s unpaid work and divorce: Reassessing specialization and trade in British families. Feminist Economics 16(2): 1–26.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Simpson, I.H. and England, P. (1981). Conjugal work roles and marital solidarity. Journal of Family Issues 2(2): 180–204.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Stevenson, B. and Wolfers, J. (2007). Marriage and divorce: Changes and their driving forces. Journal of Economic Perspectives 21(2): 27–52.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Styrc, M. and Matysiak, A. (2012). Women’s employment and marital stability: The role of the context. Studia Demograficzne 1(161): 81–101.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Szelewa, D. (2012). Childcare policies and gender relations in Eastern Europe: Hungary and Poland compared. Berlin: Harriet Taylor Mill-Institute .

Download reference:

Szikra, D. and Szelewa, D. (2010). Do Central and Eastern European countries fit the ‘Western’ picture? The example of family policies in Hungary and Poland. In: Klenner, C. and Leiber, S. (eds.). Welfare states and gender inequality in Central and Eastern Europe. Brussels: ETUI: 81–116.

Download reference:

Treas, J. and Widmer, E.D. (2000). Married women’s employment over the life course: Attitudes in cross-national perspective. Social Forces 78(4): 1409–1436.

Download reference:

United Nations Statistic Division (2017). Minimum set gender indicators [electronic resource]. New York: United Nations.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Unterhofer, U. and Wrohlich, K. (2017). Fathers, parental leave and gender norms. : (). Berlin: German Institute for Economic Research (Discussion Paper Series 1657).

Download reference:

Van Damme, M. and Kalmijn, M. (2014). The dynamic relationships between union dissolution and women’s employment: A life-history analysis of 16 countries. Social Science Research 48: 261–278.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Van Damme, M., Kalmijn, M., and Uunk, W. (2009). The employment of separated women in Europe: Individual and institutional determinants. European Sociological Review 25(2): 183–197.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Vignoli, D. (2013). The role of work experience in shaping the entry into motherhood: A study for Italy. Population Review 52(2): 99–118.

Download reference:

Vignoli, D. and Ferro, I. (2009). Rising marital disruption in Italy and its correlates. Demographic Research 20(4): 11–36.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Vignoli, D., Drefahl, S., and De Santis, G. (2012). Whose job instability affects the likelihood of becoming a parent in Italy? A tale of two partners. Demographic Research 26(2): 41–62.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Back to the article