Volume 42 - Article 20 | Pages 589–614
Evaluating links between dynamic urban landscapes and under-five child mortality in Accra, Ghana
By Sory Toure, John Weeks, David Lopez-Carr, Douglas Stow
References
Achebe, C. (1958). Things Fall Apart. London: Heineman.
Adjuik, M., Kanyomse, E., Kondayire, F., Wak, G., and Hodgson, A. (2010). Clustering of under-five mortality in the Navrongo HDSS in the Kassena-Nankana District of northern Ghana. Global Health Action 3(1): 5233.
Akachi, Y. and Atun, R. (2011). Effect of investment in malaria control on child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa in 2002–2008. PLoS One 6(6): 21309.
Akinyemi, J.O., Adedini, S.A., Wandera, S.O., and Odimegwu, C.O. (2016). Independent and combined effects of maternal smoking and solid fuel on infant and child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Tropical Medicine and International Health 21(12): 1572‒1582.
Andriano, L. and Monden, C.W.S. (2019). The causal effect of maternal education on child mortality: Evidence from a quasi-experiment in Malawi and Uganda. Demography 56(Supplement): 1765‒1790.
Brass, W. (1975). Methods for estimating fertility and mortality from limited and defective data. Chapel Hill: Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina.
Burstein, R., Henry, N.J., Hay, S.I., Murray, C.J.L., and et al. (2019). Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017. Nature 574(7778): 353‒358.
Clark, S. and Hamplová, D. (2013). Single motherhood and child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: A life course perspective. Demography 50(5): 1521‒1549.
Coale, A. and Demeny, P. (1983). Regional model life tables and stable populations. New York: Academic Press.
Engstrom, R., Ofiesh, C., Rain, D., Jewell, H., and Weeks, J. (2013). Defining neighborhood boundaries for urban health research in developing countries: A case study of Accra, Ghana. Journal of Maps 9(1): 36‒42.
Garenne, M. (2010). Urbanisation and child health in resource poor settings with special reference to under-five mortality in Africa. Archives of Disease in Childhood 95(6): 464‒468.
Ghana Statistical Service (2014). Ghana Demographic and Health Survey.
Jankowska, M.M., Benza, M., and Weeks, J.R. (2013). Estimating spatial inequalities of urban child mortality. Demographic Research 28(33): 33‒62.
Kanmiki, E.W., Bawah, A.A., Agorinya, I., Achana, F.S., Awoonor-Williams, J.K., Oduro, A.R., and Akazili, J. (2014). Socio-economic and demographic determinants of under-five mortality in rural northern Ghana. BMC International Health and Human Rights 14(24): 24‒24.
Kazembe, L., Clarke, A., and Kandala, N.B. (2012). Childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: Cross-sectional insight into small-scale geographical inequalities from Census data. BMJ Open 2(5): 001421.
Nakamura, H., Ikeda, N., Stickley, A., Mori, R., and Shibuya, K. (2011). Achieving MDG 4 in sub-Saharan Africa: What has contributed to the accelerated child mortality decline in Ghana? PloS One 6(3): 17774.
Pickering, A.J. and Davis, J. (2012). Freshwater availability and water fetching distance affect child health in sub-Saharan Africa. Environmental Science and Technology 46(4): 2391‒2397.
Rajaratnam, J.K., Tran, L.N., Lopez, A.D., and Murray, C.J.L. (2010). Measuring under-five mortality: Validation of new low-cost methods. PLoS Medicine 7(4): 1000253.
Ridd, M.K. (1995). Exploring a VIS (vegetation-impervious surface-soil) model for urban ecosystem analysis through remote sensing: Comparative anatomy for cities. International Journal of Remote Sensing 16(12): 2165‒2185.
Sastry, N. (2004). Urbanization, development and under-five mortality differentials by place of residence in São Paulo, Brazil, 1970‒1991. Demographic Research 2(14): 355‒386.
Silva, R. (2012). Child mortality estimation: Consistency of under-five mortality rates using full birth histories and summary birth histories. PLoS Medicine 9(8): 1001296.
Stow, D., Lopez, A., Lippitt, C., Hinton, S., and Weeks, J. (2007). Object-based classification of residential land use within Accra, Ghana based on QuickBird satellite data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 28(22): 5167‒5173.
Stow, D., Weeks, J., Touré, S. , Lippitt, C., Coulter, L., and Ashcroft, E. (2013). Urban vegetation cover and change in Accra, Ghana: Connection to quality of life. Professional Geographer 65(3): 451‒465.
Touré, S.I., Stow, D., Shih, H.C., Weeks, J.R., and Lopez-Carr, D. (2018). Land cover land use change analysis using multi-spatial resolution data and object-based image analysis. Remote Sensing of Environment 210: 259‒268.
United Nations Development Program (2015). Millennium Development Goal 4: UNDP in Ghana.
United Nations Population Division (1983). Manual X: Indirect techniques for demographic estimation. New York: United Nations.
United Nations Population Division (2013). Mortpak for Windows, Version 4.3. New York: United Nations.
United Nations Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019.
Weeks, J.R. (2019). Educational level as a key predictor of human wellbeing. Paper presented at the Wittgenstein Centre Conference on Demographic Aspects of Human Wellbeing, Vienna, Austria, 2019//.
Weeks, J.R., Getis, A., Hill, A.G., Agyei-Mensah, S., and Rain, D. (2010). Neighborhoods and fertility in Accra, Ghana: An AMOEBA-based approach. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 100(3): 558‒578.
Weeks, J.R., Hill, A., Stow, D., Getis, A., and Fugate, D. (2007). Can we spot a neighborhood from the air? Defining neighborhood structure in Accra, Ghana. GeoJournal 69(1‒2): 9‒22.