Volume 43 - Article 13 | Pages 329–364
Educational heterogamy during the early phase of the educational expansion: Results from the university town of Tartu, Estonia in the late 19th century
By Martin Klesment, Hannaliis Jaadla, Mark Gortfelder
References
Seeding the gender revolution: Women’s education and cohort fertility among the baby boom generations (2018). Population Studies 72(3): 283–304.
Beekink, E., Liefbroer, A.C., and Poppel, F. (1998). Changes in choice of spouse as an indicator of a society in a state of transition: Woerden, 1830–1930. Historical Social Research/Historische Sozialforschung : 231–253.
Bengtsson, T., Campbell, C., and Lee, J.Z. (2004). Life under pressure. Mortality and living standards in Europe and Asia, 1700–1900. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Berendsen, V. and Maiste, M. (1999). Esimene ülevenemaaline rahvaloendus Tartus: 28 Jaanuaril 1897. (The First All-Russian Population Census in Tartu on January 28, 1897.] Kirjastus Eesti Ajalooarhiiv.).
Berendsen, V. and Maiste, M. (2005). Rahvastik [Population. In: Pullerits, H. (ed.). Tartu: Ajalugu ja kultuurilugu [Tartu: History and Culture. Tartu: Ilmamaa: 107–144.
Bras, H. and Kok, J. (2005). They live in indifference together”: Marriage mobility in Zeeland, The Netherlands, 1796–1922. International Review of Social History 50(S13): 247–274.
Bull, H.H. (2005). Deciding whom to marry in a rural two-class society: Social homogamy and constraints in the marriage market in Rendalen, Norway, 1750–1900. International Review of Social History 50(S13): 43–63.
Cherlin, A.J. (2004). The deinstitutionalization of American marriage. Journal of Marriage and Family 66(4): 848–861.
Chojnacka, H. (1976). Nuptiality patterns in an agrarian society. Population Studies 30(2): 203–226.
Coale, A., Anderson, B., and Härm, E. (1979). Human fertility in Russia since the nineteenth century. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Coale, A.J. and Watkins, S.C. (1986). The decline of fertility in Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Coontz, S. (2006). Marriage, a history: How love conquered marriage. Penguin.
Coontz, S. (2004). The world historical transformation of marriage. Journal of Marriage and Family 66(4): 974–979.
Dribe, M. and Lundh, C. (2005). Finding the right partner: Rural homogamy in nineteenth-century Sweden. International Review of Social History 50(S13): 149–177.
Dribe, M. and Lundh, C. (2010). Marriage choices and social reproduction: The interrelationship between partner selection and intergenerational socioeconomic mobility in 19th-century Sweden. Demographic Research 22(14): 347–382.
Dribe, M. and Lundh, C. (2009). Partner choice and intergenerational occupational mobility: the case of nineteenth-century rural Sweden. Continuity and Change 24(3): 487–512.
Dribe, M. and Stanfors, M. (2017). Age homogamy and modernization: Evidence from turn-of-the-twentieth century Sweden. Essays in Economic and Business History 35(1): 265–289.
Gortfelder, M. and Puur, A. (2019). Demograafiline nüüdisajastumine Eestis: 1850–99 sündinud naiste emaduslugude analüüs [Demographic modernization in Estonia: maternity histories of the 1850-99 birth cohort. Tuna – Ajalookultuuri ajakiri 1: 19–38.
Hajnal, J. (1953). Age at marriage and proportions marrying. Population Studies 7(2): 111–136.
Hajnal, J. (1965). European marriage patterns in perspective. In: Glass, D. and Eversley, D. (eds.). Population in history. Chicago: Alding Publishing Company: 101–143.
Hajnal, J. (1982). Two kinds of preindustrial household formation system. Population and Development Review 8(3): 449–494.
Haltzel, M.H. (1981). The Baltic Germans. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Jansen, E. (2007). Eestlane muutuvas ajas: seisusühiskonnast kodanikuühiskonda [The Estonian in a changing era: From estate society to civil society. Tartu: Eesti Ajalooarhiiv.
Jokton, K. (1992). Juutide ajaloost Eestis [On the history of the Jews in Estonia. Tartu: Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus.
Kalmijn, M. (2010). Educational inequality, homogamy, and status exchange in Black‒White intermarriage: A comment on Rosenfeld. The American Journal of Sociology 115(4): 1252–1263.
Kalmijn, M. (1998). Intermarriage and homogamy: Causes, patterns, trends. Annual Review of Sociology 24(1): 395–421.
Kalmijn, M. (1991). Shifting boundaries: Trends in religious and educational homogamy. American Sociological Review 56: 786–800.
Kalmijn, M. (1991). Status homogamy in the United States. American Journal of Sociology 97(2): 496–523.
Kasekamp, A. (2010). A history of the Baltic countries. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Katus, K. (1994). Fertility transition in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. London: Routledge.
Keskbüroo, Riigi Statistika (1924). 1922 a. üldrahvalugemise andmed. Vihk 1: Rahva demograafiline koosseis ja korteriolud Eestis [1922 census data. Folder 1: demographic composition and living conditions in Estonia. Tallinn: Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo.
Kiverik, I. (2010). Baltisakslased ja vene riigivõim 19. sajandi teisel poolel: vene keele kasutuselevõtust Balti kubermangude ametiasutustes ja koolides [The Baltic Germans and the Russian state: on the implementation of the Russian language in administration and schools of the Baltic governorates. In: Tannberg, T. and Woodworth, B. (eds.). Vene impeerium ja Baltikum: venestus, rahvuslus ja moderniseerimine 19. .
Körber, B. (1902). Die stadt Dorpat (Jurjew) in statistischer und hygienischer beziehung [The statistical and hygienic overview of the town of Tartu. Jurjew: C. Mattiesen.
Leppik, L. (2006). Tartu Ülikooli teenistujate sotsiaalne mobiilsus 1802–1918 [Social mobility of Tartu University employees in 1802–1918. Tartu: Tartu University.
Liczbińska, G. (2012). Marriage patterns among Lutherans from the Parish of Trzebosz in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The History of the Family 17(2): 236–255.
Lippényi, Z., Van Leeuwen, M.H., Maas, I., and Őri, P. (2019). Social status homogamy in a religiously diverse society. Modernization, religious diversity, and status homogamy in Hungary between 1870–1950. The History of the Family 24(1): 15–37.
Maas, I. and Van Leeuwen, M.H. (2002). Industrialization and intergenerational mobility in Sweden. Acta Sociologica 45(3): 179–194.
Maas, I. and Van Leeuwen, M.H. (2019). Partner choice in the Netherlands, 1813–1922: the changing importance of ascribed and achieved status. The History of the Family 24(1): 123–148.
Maas, I., Van Leeuwen, M.H., Pélissier, J.P., and Rébaudo, D. (2011). Economic development and parental status homogamy: A study of 19th century France. The History of the Family 16(4): 371–386.
Mare, R.D. (1991). Five decades of educational assortative mating. American Sociological Review 56(1): 15–32.
Merton, R.K. (1941). Intermarriage and the social structure. Psychiatry 4: 361–374.
Michielutte, R. (1972). Trends in educational homogamy. Sociology of Education 45(3): 288–302.
Moreels, S. and Matthijs, K. (2011). Marrying in the city in times of rapid urbanization. Journal of Family History 36(1): 72–92.
Office, International Labour (1990). International standard classification of occupations, ISCO-88. Geneva: International Labour Office.
Palamets, H. (2005). 19. sajand [19th century. Tartu: Ilmamaa.
Palli, H. (1984). Lääne-Eesti rahvastiku struktuur ja taastootmine (Karuse 1685–1799) [Population structure and reproduction of Western Estonia (Karuse 1685–1799. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat.
Palli, H. (1988). Otepää rahvastik aastail 1716–1799 [Population of Otepää 1716–1799. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat.
Puschmann, P., Grönberg, P.O., Schumacher, R., and Matthijs, K. (2014). Access to marriage and reproduction among migrants in Antwerp and Stockholm. A longitudinal approach to processes of social inclusion and exclusion, 1846–1926. The History of the Family 19(1): 29–52.
Putte, B. (2003). Homogamy by geographical origin: Segregation in nineteenth-century Flemish cities (Gent, Leuven, and Aalst. Journal of Family History 28(3): 364–390.
Putte, B., Van Poppel, F., Vanassche, S., Sanchez, M., Jidkova, S., Eeckhaut, M., Oris, M., and Matthijs, K. (2009). The rise of age homogamy in 19th century Western Europe. Journal of Marriage and Family 71(5): 1234–1253.
Raun, T.U. (2002). Estonia and the Estonians. Stanford: Hoover Press.
Raun, T.U. (1995). Social Change in Estland and Northern Livland 1871–1897: The Limits and Uses of Census Data. In: Pistohlkors, G.V. (ed.). Bevölkerungsverschiebungen und sozialer Wandel in den baltischen Provinzen Rußlands 1850‒1914. Lüneburg: Institut Nordostdeutsches Kulturwerk: 85–102.
Raun, T.U. (1979). The development of Estonian literacy in the 18th and 19th centuries. Journal of Baltic Studies 10(2): 115–126.
Rockwell, R.C. (1976). Historical trends and variations in educational homogamy. Journal of Marriage and the Family 38(1): 83–95.
Roikonen, P. and Häkkinen, A. (2019). Generations, social homogamy and stratification in Finland, 1700–1910. The History of the Family 24(1): 67–93.
Rosenberg, T. (2010). Tööstus ja käsitöö [Industry and handicraft. In: Vahtre, S. (ed.). Eesti ajalugu V. Tartu: Ilmamaa: 150–164.
Schumacher, R., Matthijs, K., and Moreels, S. (2013). Migration and reproduction in an urbanizing context: Family life courses in 19th century Antwerp and Geneva. Revue Quetelet 1(1): 51–72.
Schwartz, C.R. and Mare, R.D. (2005). Trends in educational assortative marriage from 1940 to 2003. Demography 42(4): 621–646.
Schwartz, C.R., Zeng, Z., and Xie, Y. (2016). Marrying up by marrying down: Status exchange between social origin and education in the United States. Sociological Science 3: 1003–1027.
Sklar, J.L. (1974). The role of marriage behaviour in the demographic transition: The case of Eastern Europe around 1900. Population Studies 28(2): 231–247.
Smits, J., Ultee, W., and Lammers, J. (1998). Educational homogamy in 65 countries: An explanation of differences in openness using country-level explanatory variables. American Sociological Review 63(2): 264–285.
Szołtysek, M. (2007). Central European household and family systems, and the ‘Hajnal–Mitterauer’ line: The parish of Bujakow (18th–19th centuries. The History of the Family 12(1): 19–42.
Tamul, S. (2009). Tartu Ülikool venestamise, sõja ja sulgemise ohus (1882–1918) [University of Tartu under threat from Russification, war and closure. (Eesti Ajalooarhiiv: 69−126.).
Thaden, E.C. (1981). The Russian government. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Treiman, D.J. (1970). Industrialization and social stratification. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.
Van Leeuwen, M.H. and Maas, I. (2019). A historical community approach to social homogamy in the past. The History of the Family 24(1): 1–14.
Van Leeuwen, M.H. and Maas, I. (2005). Endogamy and social class in history: An overview. International Review of Social History 50(S13): 1–23.
Van Leeuwen, M.H. and Maas, I. (2010). Historical studies of social mobility and stratification. Annual Review of Sociology 36: 429–451.
Van Leeuwen, M.H., Maas, I., Hin, S., and Matthijs, K. (2019). Socio-economic modernization and enduring language barriers: choosing a marriage partner in Flemish communities, 1821‒1913. The History of the Family 24(1): 94–122.
Van Poppel, F., Liefbroer, A.C., Vermunt, J.K., and Smeenk, W. (2001). Love, necessity and opportunity: Changing patterns of marital age homogamy in the Netherlands, 1850–1993. Population Studies 55(1): 1–13.
Wetherell, C. and Plakans, A. (1997). Fertility and culture in eastern Europe: A case study of Riga, Latvia, 1867–1881. European Journal of Population/Revue Européenne de Démographie 13(3): 243–268.
Zijdeman, R.L. and Maas, I. (2010). Assortative mating by occupational status during early industrialization. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 28(4): 395–415.