Volume 47 - Article 32 | Pages 1009–1018  

The Spanish flu and the health system: Considerations from the city of Parma, 1918

By Matteo Manfredini

References

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Bengtsson, T., Dribe, M., and Eriksson, B. (2018). Social class and excess mortality in Sweden during the 1918 influenza pandemic. American Journal of Epidemiology 187: 2568–2576.

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Boggio Tomasaz, C. (2015). La spagnola a Parma. Cronaca dell’ultima grande epidemia. Aurea Parma 3: 463–475.

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Contini, C. and Vicentini, C.B. (2021). Epidemiological and clinical features of Spanish flu in the city of Ferrara and in Italy. Containment rules and health measures adopted in the past to fight the pandemic. Infections in the History of Medicine 3: 475–487.

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Fornasin, A., Breschi, M., and Manfredini, M. (2018). Spanish flu in Italy: New data, new questions. Le Infezioni in Medicina 26(1): 97–106.

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Gaeta, R., Fornaciari, A., and Giuffra, V. (2020). The 1918/19 Spanish Flu in Pisa (Tuscany, Italy): Clinical, epidemiological and autoptic considerations. Acta Medico-Historica Adriatica 8(1): 47–62.

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Mamelund, S.E., Shelley-Egan, C., and Rogeberg, O. (2021). The association between socioeconomic status and pandemic influenza: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 16: e0244346.

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Manfredini, M. (2021). Una nuova fonte per lo studio delle cause di morte: I permessi di sepoltura. Paper presented at the Triennial Conference of the Italian Society of Historical Demography, Milan, Italy, 2021.

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McCrossan, K. (2021). Spanish ’Flu in Scotland: A Lankarshire case study. Journal of Scottish Historical Studies 41(1): 65–86.

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Ministero dell’Economia Nazionale [Ministry of National Economy] (1924). Movimento della popolazione Italiana secondo gli atti dello stato civile nell’anno 1918. Rome: Libreria dello Stato.

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Mortara, G. (1925). La salute pubblica in Italia durante e dopo la guerra. Bari: Laterza.

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Nuzum, J.W., Pilot, I., Stangl, F.H., and Bonar, B.E. (1918). Pandemic influenza and pneumonia in a large civil hospital. Journal of the American Medical Association 71(19): 1562–1565.

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Reid, A. (2005). The effects of the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic on infant and child health in Derbyshire. Medical History 49(1): 29–54.

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Rizzo, C., Ajelli, M., Merler, S., Pugliese, A., Barbetta, I., Salmaso, S., and Manfredi, P. (2011). Epidemiology and transmission dynamics of the 1918–19 pandemic influenza in Florence, Italy. Vaccine 29(2): 27–32.

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Rosi, I.M., Milos, R., Galimberti, P.M., and Rancati, S. (2021). For the flaring up of the flu: The nurses of the Maggiore Hospital in Milan hit by the Spanish fever. Nursing Inquiry 29(4): e12479.

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Rossi, F. (2020). Il morbo crudele’. Opinione pubblica e diritto dell’emergenza in Italia di fronte all’influenza ‘spagnola’. Italian Review of Legal History 6: 293–337.

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Sabbatani, S. and Fiorino, S. (2007). La pandemia influenzale ‘spagnola’. Le Infezioni in Medicina 4: 272–285.

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Spinney, L. (2017). Pale Rider: The Spanish flu of 1918 and how it changed the world. New York: Public Affairs.

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Tognotti, E. (2002). La ‘spagnola’ in Italia. Storia dell’influenza che fece temere la fine del mondo (1918–19). Milano: Franco Angeli.

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