Volume 47 - Article 4 | Pages 73–110
Measuring contraceptive use in India: Implications of recent fieldwork design and implementation of the National Family Health Survey
By Kaushalendra Kumar, Abhishek Singh, Amy Tsui
References
Achilles, S., Mhlanga, F., Musara, P., Poloyac, S., Chirenje, Z., and Hillier, S. (2018). Misreporting of contraceptive hormone use in clinical research participants. Contraception 97(4): 346–353.
Anderson, J.E. and Cleland, J. (1984). The World Fertility Survey and Contraceptive Prevalence Surveys: A comparison of substantive results. Studies in Family Planning 15(1): 1–13.
Bignami-Van Assche, S., Reniers, G., and Weinreb, A. (2003). An assessment of the KDICP and MDICP data quality: Interviewer effects, question reliability and sample attrition. Demographic Research S1(2): 31–76.
Blom, A. and Korbmacher, J. (2013). Measuring interviewer characteristics pertinent to social surveys: A conceptual framework. Survey Methods: Insights from the Field .
Bora, J. and Saikia, N. (2018). Neonatal and under-five mortality rate in Indian districts with reference to Sustainable Development Goal 3. An analysis of the National Family Health Survey of India (NFHS), 2015–2016. PLOS One 13(7): e0201125.
Bradley, S.E.K., Schwandt, H., and Khan, S. (2009). Levels, trends and reasons for contraceptive discontinuation. Calverton: ICF Macro, DHS Analytical Studies 20.
Callahan, R. and Becker, S. (2012). The reliability of calendar data for reporting contraceptive use: Evidence from rural Bangladesh. Studies in Family Planning 43(3): 213–222.
Chacko, E. (2001). Women’s use of contraception in rural India: A village-level study. Health and Place 7(3): 197–208.
Choi, Y.J., Khanna, A., Zimmerman, L., Radloff, S., Zachary, B., and Ahmed, D. (2019). Reporting sterilization as a current contraceptive method among sterilized women: Lessons learned from a population with high sterilization rates, Rajasthan, India. Contraception 99: 131–136.
Corsi, D., Neuman, M., Finlay, J., and Subramanian, S. (2012). International Journal of Epidemiology 41(6): 1602–1613.
Davis, R.E., Couper, M.P., Janz, N.K., Caldwell, C.H., and Resnicow, K. (2010). Interviewer effects in public health surveys. Health Education Research 25(1): 14–26.
Fabic, M., Choi, Y., and Bird, S. (2012). A systematic review of Demographic and Health Surveys: Data availability and utilization for research. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 90: 604–612.
Fisher, A. and Way, A. (1988). The Demographic and Health Surveys Program: An overview. International Family Planning Perspectives 14(1): 15–19.
Godlonton, S., Hernandez, M., and Murphy, M. (2018). Anchoring bias in recall data: Evidence from Central America. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 100(2): 479–501.
Goldman, N., Moreno, L., and Westoff, C. (1989). Collection of survey data on contraception: An evaluation of an experiment in Peru. Studies in Family Planning 20(3): 147–157.
Greenleaf, A.R., Gadiaga, A., Guiella, G., Turke, S., Battle, N., Ahmed, S., and Moreau, C. (2020). Comparability of modern contraceptive use estimates between a face-to-face survey and a cellphone survey among women in Burkina Faso. PLoS ONE 15(5): e0231819.
Groves, R. (2004). The interviewer as a source of survey measurement error. In: Groves, R. (ed.). Survey errors and survey costs. New York: Wiley-Interscience: 357–406.
Groves, R., Fowler, F., Couper, M., Lepkowski, J., Singer, E., and Tourangeau, R. (2009). Survey methodology. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons.
Huber, L.R.B., Broel, E., Mitchelides, A., Dmochowski, J., Dulin, M., and Scholes, D. (2013). Comparison of prospective daily diaries and retrospective recall to measure oral contraceptive adherence. Contraception 88(4): 492–497.
Ichikawa, L., Hubbard, R., Operskalski, B., LaCroix, A., Ott, S., and Scholes, D. (2015). A comparison of self-reported oral contraceptive use and automated pharmacy data in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women. Annals of Epidemiology 25(1): 55–59.
IIPS and ICF (2017). National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015–16: India. Mumbai: International Institute Population Sciences (IIPS).
IIPS and Macro International (2007). National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3). Mumbai: IIPS.
International Institute for Population Sciences (2001). Reproductive and Child Health Project, Rapid Household Survey (Phase I and II), 1998–1999. Mumbai.
Jha, P., Kesler, M., Kumar, R., Ram, F., Ram, U., Aleksandrowicz, L., Bassani, D., Chandra, S., and Banthia, J. (2011). Trends in selective abortions of girls in India: Analysis of national representative birth histories from 1990 to 2005 and census data from 1991 to 2011. The Lancet 377(9781): 1921–1928.
Kasprzyk, D. (2005). Measurement errors in household surveys: Sources and measurement. In: Household sample surveys in developing and transition countries. New York: United Nations: 171–198.
Leone, T., Sochas, L., and Coast, E. (2021). Depends who’s asking: Interviewer effects in Demographic and Health Surveys abortion data. Demography 58(1): 31–50.
Lewis, G. (1983). The Contraceptive Prevalence Survey Project: Content and status. Population Index 49(2): 189–198.
Liu, M. and Wang, Y. (2016). Interviewer gender effect on acquiescent response style in 11 Asian countries and societies. Field Methods 28(4): 327–344.
MacQuarrie, K., Winfrey, W., Meijer-Irons, J., and Morse, A. (2018). Consistency of reporting of terminated pregnancies in DHS calendars. Rockville: ICF, DHS Methodological Reports 25.
McCullagh, P. and Nelder, J. (1989). Generalized linear odels. London: Chapman and Hall.
Morris, L. (2000). History and current status of reproductive health surveys at CDC. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 19(1Suppl): 31–34.
New, J., Cahill, N., Stover, J., Gupta, Y., and Alkema, L. (2017). Levels and trends in contraceptive prevalence, unmet need, and demand for family planning for 29 states and union territories in India: A modelling study using the Family Planning Estimation Tool. Lancet Global Health 5(3): 350–358.
Pal, S. and Makepeace, G. (2003). Current contraceptive use in India: Has the role of women’s education been overemphasized? European Journal of Development Research 15: 146–169.
Pradhan, M. and Dwivedi, L. (2019). Changes in contraceptive use and method mix in India: 1992–93 to 2015–16. Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare 19: 56–63.
Pullum, T. (2019). Strategies to assess the quality of DHS data. Rockville: ICF, DHS Methodological Reports 26.
Pullum, T., Juan, C., Khan, N., and Staveteig, S. (2018). The effect of interviewer characteristics on data quality in DHS surveys. Rockville: ICF, DHS Methodological Reports 24.
Roy, T., Porwal, A., and Acharya, R. (2021). Is contraceptive prevalence declining in India? An appraisal based on NFHS-4. Economic and Political Weekly 56(41): 32–37.
Schwarz, N. (2007). Cognitive aspects of survey methodology. Applied Cognitive Psychology 21: 277–287.
Singh, A., Kumar, K., and Arnold, F. (2022). How interviewers affect responses to sensitive questions on the justification for wife beating and refusal to have conjugal sex, and domestic violence in India. Studies in Family Planning online version.
Singh, S., Remez, L., and Tartaglione, A. (eds.) (2010). Methodologies for estimating abortion incidence and abortion-related morbidity: A review. New York: Guttmacher Institute.
Singh, S., Shekhar, C., Acharya, R., Moore, A., Stillman, M., Pradhan, M., Frost, J., Sahoo, H., Algarajan, M., Hussain, R., Sundaram, A., Vlassoff, M., Kalyanwala, S., and Browne, A. (2018). The incidence of abortion and unintended pregnancy in India, 2015. Lancet Global Health 6: e111–120.
Smith, C., Edwards, P., and Free, C. (2018). Assessing the validity and reliability of self-report data on contraception use in the Mobile Technology for Improved Family Planning (MOTIF) randomised controlled trial. Reproductive Health 15: 50.
Sprehe, T. (1974). The World Fertility Survey: An international program of fertility research. Studies in Family Planning 5(2): 35–41.
Stover, J. and Sonneveldt, E. (2017). Progress toward the Goals of FP2020. Studies in Family Planning 48(1): 83–88.
Strickler, J., Magnani, R., McCann, H., and Brown, L. (1997). The reliability of reporting contraceptive behavior in DHS calendar data: Evidence from Morocco. Studies in Family Planning 28(1): 44–63.
Stuart, G. and Grimes, D. (2009). Social desirability bias in family planning studies: A neglected problem. Contraception 80(2): 108–112.
Tourangeau, R. and Yan, T. (2007). Sensitive questions in surveys. Psychological Bulletin 133(5): 859–883.
Tsui, A., Cardona, C., Srivatsan, V., OlaOlorun, F., Omoluabi, E., Akilimali, P., Gichangi, P., Thiongo, M., PMA. Agile Team, Radloff, S., and Anglewicz, P. (2021). Is client reporting on contraceptive use always accurate? Measuring consistency and change with a multi-country study. Studies in Family Planning 52(3): 361–382.
West, B. and Blom, A. (2017). Explaining interviewer effects: A research synthesis. Journal of Survey Methodology and Statistics 5(2): 175–211.
Yang, M. and Yu, R. (2008). The interviewer effect when there is an education gap with the respondent: Evidence from a survey on biotechnology in Taiwan. Social Science Research 37(4): 1321–1331.
Zimmerman, L., Olson, H., PMA Principal Investigators Group, Tsui, A., and Radloff, S. (2017). PMA2020: Rapid turn-around survey data to monitor family planning service and practice in ten countries. Studies in Family Planning 48(3): 293–303.