Volume 38 - Article 51 | Pages 1577–1604  

Change and continuity in the fertility of unpartnered women in Latin America, 1980–2010

By Benoît Laplante, Teresa Castro Martín, Clara Cortina

Abstract

Background: Over the last decades, the proportion of children born to unmarried mothers has been increasing in Latin America while unmarried cohabitation has become more common. One would expect the former to be a consequence of the latter and that the proportion of children born to unpartnered mothers remained stable or decreased. However, recent research has shown that the proportion of the total fertility rate (TFR) that is attributable to unpartnered women has, in fact, increased.

Objective: This paper aims at understanding the increase in the share of the TFR attributable to unpartnered women in Latin America.

Methods: We use census data and the own-children method to measure the evolution of fertility by conjugal union status. We use Poisson regression and a multivariate decomposition technique to examine the respective contributions of changes in the composition of the population and changes in the effects of the characteristics of the population on the changes in fertility.

Results: In most countries the proportion of unpartnered women has increased. Their fertility has increased in some countries but decreased in others. In countries where it has decreased, it has done so at a slower pace than the fertility of partnered women, thus increasing the share of fertility that is attributable to unpartnered women.

Contribution: Our study suggests that the main driver of the increasing share of fertility attributable to unpartnered women in Latin America is their increasing proportion of the population and that the increase (or slower reduction) of their fertility rates, compared to those of partnered women, is a contributing factor in some countries.

Author's Affiliation

• Benoît Laplante - Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Canada EMAIL
• Teresa Castro Martín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain EMAIL
• Clara Cortina - Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain EMAIL

Other articles by the same author/authors in Demographic Research

The contributions of childbearing within marriage and within consensual union to fertility in Latin America, 1980-2010
Volume 34 - Article 29

Mixed marriages between immigrants and natives in Spain: The gendered effect of marriage market constraints
Volume 39 - Article 1

The effect of union dissolution on the fertility of women in Montevideo, Uruguay
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Social policies, separation, and second birth spacing in Western Europe
Volume 37 - Article 37

Childbearing patterns among immigrant women and their daughters in Spain: Over-adaptation or structural constraints
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The change in single mothers’ educational gradient over time in Spain
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A matter of norms: Family background, religion, and generational change in the diffusion of first union breakdown among French-speaking Quebeckers
Volume 35 - Article 27

Partnership formation and dissolution among immigrants in the Spanish context
Volume 35 - Article 1

Two period measures for comparing the fertility of marriage and cohabitation
Volume 32 - Article 14

The reproductive context of cohabitation in comparative perspective: Contraceptive use in the United States, Spain, and France
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Towards a Geography of Unmarried Cohabitation in the Americas
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Is Latin America starting to retreat from early and universal childbearing?
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Not truly partnerless: Non-residential partnerships and retreat from marriage in Spain
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Changes in educational assortative mating in contemporary Spain
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