Volume 43 - Article 7 | Pages 169–182
“At three years of age, we can see the future”: Cognitive skills and the life cycle of rural Chinese children
By Huan Zhou, Ruixue Ye, Sean Sylvia, Nathan Rose, Scott Rozelle
References
Attanasio, O., Fernandez, C., Grantham-McGregor, S., Meghir, C., and Rubio-Codina, M. (2014). Using the infrastructure of a conditional cash transfer program to deliver a scalable integrated early child development program in Columbia: Cluster Randomized Control Trial. The British Medical Journal 349.
Black, M., Walker, S., Fernald, L., Andersen, C., DiGirolamo, A., Lu, C., McCoy, D., Günther, F., Yusra, S., Shiffman, J., Devercelli, A., Wodon, Q., Vargas-Barón, E., and Grantham-McGregor, S. (2017). Early childhood development coming of age: Science through the life course. The Lancet 389(10064): 77–90.
Black, R., Victora, C., Walker, S., Bhutta, Z., Christian, P., De Onis, M., and Uauy, R. (2013). Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet 382(9890): 427–451.
Chung, C. and Mason, M. (2012). Why do primary school students drop out in poor, rural China? A portrait sketched in a remote mountain village. International Journal of Educational Development 32(4): 537–545.
Cunha, F., Heckman, J., and Lochner, L. (2006). Interpreting the evidence on life cycle skill formation. In: Hanushek, E.A., Machin, S., and Woessmann, L. (eds.). Handbook of the economics of education Volume 1. Amsterdam: Elsevier: 697–812.
Currie, J. and Almond, D. (2011). Human capital development before age five. Vol. 4. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Dill, S., Ma, Y., Sun, A., and Rozelle, S. (2019). The landscape of early childhood development in rural China. The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus 17(16): 16.
Grantham-McGregor, S., Cheung, Y.B., Cueto, S., Glewwe, P., Richter, L., and Strupp, B. (2007). Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries. The Lancet 369(9555): 60–70.
He, X., F., Chang, Wang, H., Dill, S.E., Rozelle, S., and Loyalka, P. (2019). IQ, grit, and academic achievement: Evidence from rural China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University, Working Paper.
Heckman, J. (2013). Giving kids a fair chance. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Heckman, J. and Masterov, D.V. (2007). The productivity argument for investing in young children. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 29(3): 446–493.
Heckman, J., S., Moon, Pinto, R., P.A., Savelyev, and Yavitz, A. (2010). The rate of return to the HighScope Perry Preschool Program. Journal of Public Economics 94(1–2): 114–128.
Heckman, J., Stixrud, J., and Urzua, S. (2006). The effects of cognitive and noncognitive abilities on labor market outcomes and social behavior. Journal of Labor Economics 24(3): 411–482.
Knudsen, E.I., Heckman, J.J., Cameron, J.L., and Shonkoff, J.P. (2006). Economic, neurobiological, and behavioral perspectives on building America’s future workforce. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103(27): 10155–10162.
Li, L., Huang, L., Shi, Y., Luo, R., Yang, M., and Rozelle, S. (2018). Anemia and student’s educational performance in rural Central China: Prevalence, correlates and impacts. China Economic Review 51: 283–293.
Liu, C., Lu, L., Zhan, L., Luo, R., Sylvia, S., Medina, A., and Rozelle, S. (2017). Effect of deworming on indices of health, cognition, and education among schoolchildren in rural China: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 96(6): 1478–1489.
Luo, R., Shi, Y., Zhou, H., Yue, A., Zhang, L., Sylvia, S., Medina, A., and Rozelle, S. (2015). Micronutrient deficiencies and developmental delays among infants: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey in rural China. BMJ Open 5(10): e008400.
Nie, J., Pang, X., Sylvia, S., Wang, L., and Rozelle, S. (2018). Seeing is believing: Experimental evidence on the impact of eyeglasses on academic performance, aspirations and dropout among junior high school students in rural China. Economic Development and Cultural Change [in press].
Shi, Y., Zhang, L., Y., Ma, Yi, H., Liu, C., Johnson, N., Chu, J., Loyalka, P., and Rozelle, S. (2015). Dropping out of rural China’s secondary schools: A mixed-methods analysis. The China Quarterly 224(December): 1048–1069.
UNICEF and World Bank Group (2016). Ending extreme poverty: A focus on children [electronic resource]. UNICEF publications.
Wang, L., Li, M., Abbey, C., and Rozelle, S. (2018). Human capital and the middle income trap: How many of China’s youth are going to high school? The rise of high school attendance in China. The Developing Economies 56(2).
Wang, L., Liang, W., Zhang, S., Jonsson, L., Li, M., Yu, C., Sun, Y., Ma, Q., Bai, Y., Abbey, C., Luo, R., Yue, A., and Rozelle, S. (2019). Are infant/toddler developmental delays a problem across rural China? Journal of Comparative Economics 47(2): 458–469.
Wang, L., Qian, Y., Rozelle, S., Song, C., Warrinnier, N., and Sylvia, S. (2019). The persistence and fade-out paradox: New evidence on medium run effects of an early childhood development intervention. Stanford, CA: Stanford University, Working Paper.
Wang, X., Luo, R., Zhang, L., and Rozelle, S. (2017). The education gap of China’s migrant children and rural counterparts. The Journal of Development Studies 53(11): 1865–1881.
Wang, X., Luo, R., Zhang, L., and Rozelle, S. (2017). The education gap of China’s migrant children and rural counterparts. The Journal of Development Studies 53(11): 1865–1881.
Yi, H., Zhang, L., Luo, R., Shi, Y., Di, M., Chen, X., Brinton, C., and Rozelle, S. (2012). Dropping out: Why are students leaving junior high in China’s Poor rural areas? ‒ ScienceDirect. International Journal of Education Development 32(4): 555–563.
Yousafzai, A., Rasheed, M., A., Rizvi, Armstrong, R., and Bhutta, Z. (2014). Effect of integrated responsive stimulation and nutrition interventions in the Lady Health Worker Programme in Pakistan on child development, growth, and health outcomes: A cluster-randomised factorial effectiveness trial. The Lancet 384(9950): 1282–1293.
Yue, A., Shi, Y., Luo, R., Chen, J., Garth, J., Zhang, J., Medina, A., Kotb, S., and Rozelle, S. (2017). China’s invisible crisis: Cognitive delays among rural toddlers and the absence of modern parenting. The China Journal 78(July): 50–80.
Zhao, Q., Wang, X., and Rozelle, S. (2019). Better cognition, better school performance? Evidence from primary schools in China. China Economic Review 55(June): 199–217.