Volume 40 - Article 44 | Pages 1291–1322  

Distinguishing tempo and ageing effects in migration

By Aude Bernard, Alina Pelikh

Abstract

Background: Despite emerging evidence of a delay of migration to older ages, few studies have considered its impact on overall migration levels.

Objective: This paper argues that there are two possible implications of delayed migration on overall migration levels: (1) a tempo effect leading to a temporary underestimation of the level of migration in the observed period data and (2) a migration ageing effect leading to a reduction of higher-order moves because the exposure to migration is shifted to older ages when the probability of moving is lower.

Methods: Combining hypothetical scenarios with empirical evidence from a range of countries in Europe, North America, Australia, and China, the paper demonstrates the relevance of tempo and ageing effects to migration analysis and proposes a framework for conceptualising these processes.

Results: Our analysis suggests that both tempo and ageing effects are likely to occur if the general trend is towards later ages at migration. We show, however, that all-move data such as those collected in censuses is not suitable to analyse tempo effects because changes in migration behaviour are order specific. Drawing on retrospective survey data, we show that in 25 of 26 European countries considered in this paper, individuals who are late in leaving the parental home are less likely to progress to the second move and, as a result, report a lower number of migrations in adulthood than early movers.

Contribution: The results underline the need to collect and analyse migration data by move order to understand migration trends while highlighting the paucity of such data.

Author's Affiliation

Other articles by the same author/authors in Demographic Research

Educational selectivity of native and foreign-born internal migrants in Europe
Volume 47 - Article 34

Internal migration and the de-standardization of the life course: A sequence analysis of reasons for migrating
Volume 46 - Article 12

Educational selectivity of internal migrants: A global assessment
Volume 39 - Article 29

Smoothing internal migration age profiles for comparative research
Volume 32 - Article 33

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