Volume 48 - Article 14 | Pages 373–386
A register-based account of period trends in union prevalence, entries, and exits by educational level for men and women in Finland
By Marika Jalovaara, Linus Andersson
Abstract
Background: The decline in marriage and increases in cohabiting unions during childbearing ages represent a major change in family structures and family dynamics. Yet no comprehensive description has covered period trends in the prevalence of marital and nonmarital unions or partnership entry and exit rates across educational levels.
Objective: We describe period trends in the proportion of individuals in union and the flow of union formation and dissolution at ages 18–49 across educational levels for men and women in 1989–2019 in Finland.
Methods: We use register data with full histories of coresidential unions regardless of marital status. We calculate the age-specific yearly prevalence of marriages, cohabitations, and all coresidential unions, and rates of union formation and separation.
Results: The prevalence of marriage declined across educational groups. Increases in the prevalence of nonmarital cohabitation are slightly smaller than declines in marriage; as a result, the total union prevalence declined, especially among low-educated men and women. Union formation rates have declined since around 2010, and separation rates have increased notably, especially among the lower educated and in age groups below 35.
Conclusions: The increase in nonmarital cohabitation has not fully covered the decline in the stock of marriages. The increases in union instability are notable. All observed trends and educational gradients are remarkably similar among men and women.
Contribution: We provide the first comprehensive population-level estimates of trends and patterns of the union stock and the flow of marital and nonmarital unions by education for both men and women of childbearing ages.
Author's Affiliation
- Marika Jalovaara - Turun Yliopisto (University of Turku), Finland EMAIL
- Linus Andersson - Stockholms Universitet, Sweden EMAIL
Other articles by the same author/authors in Demographic Research
Oh half-brother, where art thou? The boundaries of full- and half-sibling interaction
Volume 43 - Article 16
Homeownership after separation: A longitudinal analysis of Finnish register data
Volume 41 - Article 29
Social policies, separation, and second birth spacing in Western Europe
Volume 37 - Article 37
From never partnered to serial cohabitors: Union trajectories to childlessness
Volume 36 - Article 55
Are there gender differences in family trajectories by education in Finland?
Volume 33 - Article 44
Homogamy in socio-economic background and education, and the dissolution of cohabiting unions
Volume 30 - Article 65
Does his paycheck also matter?: The socioeconomic resources of co-residential partners and entry into parenthood in Finland
Volume 28 - Article 31
Recent fertility patterns of Finnish women by union status: A descriptive account
Volume 28 - Article 14
A review of the antecedents of union dissolution
Volume 23 - Article 10
Socioeconomic differentials in divorce risk by duration of marriage
Volume 7 - Article 16
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